Amfani da Adadin Alama Dabi'a

Alama, wanda yake ƙunshi set da ake bayyana a cikin kungiyar bayanai ko mafi girman bayanai, zai iya a bayar zuwa muhimmiyar alama, ko a faɗi daga muhimmiyar alama, don in fahimta aiki na gaba. Alaman da ake faɗi daga muhimmiyar alama ba zai ɗauke da tsarin da ake son abinda,
∴ in sanin munfaɗaɗin munfaɗaɗin aiki na alama masu kyau zai taimaka da fahimta da amfani da alama.
Kasancewar ƙwarewa mai lissafi daga alama zuwa alama zai iya a bayyana a cikin

Daga baya, Y(t) tana nufin alama ta ƙari da ake faɗi daga alama ta ƙarami X(t), da kuma kungiyar bayanai ta ɗaya ne t.
Munfaɗaɗin aiki na alama suna da ƙungiyoyi da suka ƙunshi haka.

Munfaɗaɗin Aiki na Alama na Tsarin Muhiimmanci

A cikin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ƙirƙira kawai ƙungiyar bayanai na kwadara, ya'ni magana na alama yana ƙirƙira, tare da ƙoƙari ga ƙungiyar bayanai na tsakiya ko tsarin alama.

1. Kawar da magana na alama.

2. Ƙara alama.

3. Bude alama.

4. Farkoɓe alama.

5. Juye alama.

Ina taimaka in tuntuɓi waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a cikin bayanai.

Kawar da Magana na Alama

Kawar da magana na alama shi ne ƙwarewa mai ƙarami da ake yi game da alama don in ƙirƙira maganinsa. Zai iya a bayyana a cikin ƙwarewa Y(t) = α X(t).
Daga baya, α shine ƙwarewa mai kawar, inda:-
          α<1 → alama yana ƙirƙira.
          α>1 → alama yana ƙirƙira.

Wannan ta bayyana a cikin diagram, inda alama yana ƙirƙira idan α = 0.5 a cikin fig (b) ko yana ƙirƙira idan α = 1.5 a cikin fig (c).

Ƙara Alama

Wannan ƙwarewa yana ƙunshi ƙara magana na biyu ko kadan alama a bako ɗaya na lokaci ko kungiyar bayanai da suka ɗauke a cikin alama. Ƙara alama ta bayyana a cikin diagram, inda X1(t) da X2(t) suna da alama masu lokaci, a cikin ƙara ƙwarewa biyu, muna samu,

Bude Alama

Duk ƙara, bude alama tana ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi na ƙarami da ake yi game da alama. A cikin wannan ƙwarewa, an yi bude magana na biyu ko kadan alama a bako ɗaya na lokaci ko kungiyar bayanai da suka ɗauke a cikin alama. Alaman da muna samu yana ƙunshi adadin bude magana na alama masu ƙarami a bako ɗaya na lokaci. Bude alama ta bayyana a cikin diagram, inda X1(t) da X2(t) suna da alama masu lokaci, a cikin ƙara ƙwarewa biyu, muna samu,

Farkoɓe Alama

Don farkoɓe alama, ya kamata a duba cewa wannan ƙwarewa yana da damar a kan alama masu ƙarami, saboda alama masu ƙarami ba zai iya a farkoɓe. Alaman da muna samu a cikin farkoɓe yana ƙunshi adadin farkoɓe alama ta ƙarami a bako ɗaya na lokaci. A cikin ƙwarewa zai iya a bayyana a cikin haka:-

Farkoɓe alama masu ƙarami da sine wave ta bayyana a cikin diagram.

Juye Alama

Duk farkoɓe, juye alama tana ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi na ƙarami da ake yi game da alama. Mafarar juye zai zama daga – ∞ zuwa lokacin da yanzu t. A cikin ƙwarewa zai iya a bayyana a cikin haka,

Juye alama masu ƙarami ta bayyana a cikin diagram.

Munfaɗaɗin Aiki na Alama na Tsarin Muhiimmanci

Wannan shine ƙaramin ƙarin da aka bayyana, a cikin wannan halin, tsarin alama yana ƙirƙira tare da ƙara ƙungiyar bayanai na tsakiya, inda magana ko ƙarfin yana ɗauke. Wadannan suna ƙunshi haka:

1. Kawar da lokaci na alama

2. Bayyana alama

3. Ƙara lokaci na alama.

Ina taimaka in tuntuɓi waɗannan ƙungiyoyi a cikin bayanai.

Kawar da Lokaci na Alama