Fannin Hadadda

Idan da madara aiki a cikin karkashin kula, zan iya ci gaba da adadin kula da ke kan gadon karkashin kula don har yana daga cikin mafi girman yanayi, tare da duk wadannan yanayi suka fi sani.

Amsa in ba ni abin da aka bayar.

A nan, an samun duwa masu battal da sauri bi na 1.5 Volt a cikin karkashin kula. A wannan lokacin, kula da ya shiga 1 ohm resistance ita ce 1.2 ampere.
An fada wannan ammeter a cikin hoto ta.

Sai, an fada battalin na farko da short circuit kamar yadda aka baka. A wannan lokacin, kula da ya shiga 1 ohm resistance ita ce 0.6 ampere. An fada wannan ammeter a cikin hoto ta.

Sai, an fada battalin na na biyu da short circuit kamar yadda aka baka. A wannan lokacin, kula da ya shiga 1 ohm resistance ita ce 0.6 ampere. An fada wannan ammeter a cikin hoto ta.
1.2 = 0.6 + 0.6
Saboda haka, za a iya cewa, idan an sama shiga da gadon karkashin kula da karkashin kula da yanayi da kula, kula da ya shiga wadannan shiga ita ce jumla da duka kula da suka shiga, ga har yana daga cikin mafi girman yanayi. Wannan addinin mai sauƙi ita ce Superposition Theorem.

Bisa ga a matsayin har yana daga cikin mafi girman yanayi, ana da n number of sources a cikin karkashin kula, saboda hakan I kula ya shiga wadanda shiga a cikin karkashin kula.

Idan mutum ya fada duk wadannan sources da karkashin kula da alama resistance akan source na farko, wanda ya kasance a cikin karkashin kula kuma ya shiga I1 a cikin wadanda shiga, sai ya fada source na biyu kuma ya fada source na farko da internal resistance.

A nan, kula da ya shiga wadanda shiga a cikin source na biyu kawai ita ce I2.

Duk da cewa, idan mutum ya fada source na uku kuma ya fada source na biyu da internal resistance. A nan, kula da ya shiga wadanda shiga a cikin source na uku kawai ita ce I3.

Duk da cewa, idan source na nth ya kasance a cikin karkashin kula, kuma duk wadannan sources suna fada da internal electrical resistances, kula da ya shiga wadanda shiga a cikin karkashin kula ita ce In.

Saboda haka, kula da ya shiga wadanda shiga a cikin karkashin kula idan duk wadannan sources suka kasance a cikin karkashin kula daga baya, ita ce jumla da duka kula da suka shiga, ga har yana daga cikin mafi girman sources.

Wadannan sources suna da nau'in biyu, wata voltage source da kuma current source. Idan an fada voltage source daga karkashin kula, voltaji da ya kasance a cikin karkashin kula ya zama zero. Saboda hakan, don ya samun zero electric potential difference a kan wurare da aka fada voltage source, waɗannan wurare suna da short circuited da zero resistance path. Don inganci, mutum zai iya fada voltage source da internal resistance. Sai, idan an fada current source daga karkashin kula, kula da ya kasance a cikin karkashin kula ya zama zero. Zero kula na nufin open circuit. Saboda hakan, idan an fada current source daga karkashin kula, mutum zai iya fada source da kuma ya fada terminal da kuma ya fada open circuited. Saboda haka, idan an fada current source daga karkashin kula, an iya fada source da internal resistance. Saboda haka, a Superposition theorem, voltage sources suna fada da short circuits kuma sources suna fada da open circuits.

Wannan theorem ita ce mai ma'ana a cikin karkashin linear kula, wanda ake samu Ohm’s law mai ma'ana. A cikin karkashin kula da non-linear resistances, wanda ake samu thermionic valves, metallic rectifiers, wannan theorem bai ma'ana ba. Wannan theorem ita ce mai karfi a cikin many other circuit theorems. Amma main advantage of this method ita ce, it avoids solutions of two or more simultaneous equations. Sai, a nan, ba a yi practice da wannan method, equations zai iya rubuta directly from the original circuit diagram and labor in drawing extra diagrams can be saved. For better understanding of the procedure, we have furnished the different steps of Superposition theorem as follows,

Step – 1
Replace all but one of the sources by their internal resistances.

Step – 2
Determine the currents in various branches using simple Ohm’s law.

Step – 3
Repeat the process using each of the sources turn – by-turn as the sole source each time.

Step – 4
Add all the currents in a particular branch due to each source. This is the desired value of current at that branch when all the sources acting on the circuit simultaneously.

Example of Superposition Theorem

Suppose there are two voltage sources V1 and V2 acting simultaneously on the circuit.
Because of these two voltage sources, say current I flows through the resistance R.

Now replace V2 by short circuit, keeping V1 at its position and measure current through the resistance, R. Say it is I1.
Then replace, V1 by short circuit, reconnect V2 to its original position and measure current through the same resistance R and say it is I2.
Now if we add these two currents, I1 and I2 we will get the current which is equal to the current – was actually flowing through R, when both voltage sources V1 and V2 were acting on the circuit simultaneously. That is I1 + I2 = I.

Source: Electrical4u.

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