Faduwar Jirgin Kambin Kansa

Idan voltage yana ake kawo a kan capacitor, wanda ba ake sanya shi daidai, electrons suna haɗa ne daga masu aiki zuwa capacitor zuwa masu aiki tsakanin. Kuma idan ake fahimta, haka na iya cewa abubuwan electrons suna faru a kan capacitor tsakanin. Idan lalacewar da ke faru a kan capacitor ya zama, voltage da ke faru a kan capacitor ya zama. Voltage da ke faru a kan capacitor ya tattauna da voltage da ake bayar don in yi tasirin lalacewar da ke faru a kan capacitor. Idan wannan biyu suka zama sama da duka, ba za a samu maimakon lalacewar da ke faru daga masu aiki zuwa capacitor. Maimakon electrons daga masu aiki zuwa capacitor da kuma maimakon electrons daga capacitor zuwa masu aiki ce ta haka electric current.

A baya, wannan current zai zama muhimmanci da kuma a lokacin da gaba ya zama zero. Durbin da ake kawo a kan current yana faru a kan capacitor ana amsa ne transient period. Abubuwan charging current ko electrical quantities kamar voltage, a kan capacitor ana amsa ne transient.
Don in fahimtar transient behavior of capacitor ina iya faɗa RC circuit kamar yadda ake nufin a nan,

Idan S an ake gudanar da shi, current yana faru a kan circuit. Ina iya current a nan i(t).
Kuma ina iya duba voltage da ke faru a kan capacitor a nan Vc(t).
Saboda haka, tare da Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, a nan circuit ina iya samun,

Idan transfer of charge during this period (t) is q coulomb, then i(t) can be written as
Therefore,

Putting this expression of i(t) in equation (i) we get,

Now integrating both sides with respect to time we get,

Where, K is a constant can be determined from initial condition.
Let us consider the time t = 0 at the instant of switching on the circuit putting t = 0 in above equation we get,

There will be no voltage developed across capacitor at t = 0 as it was previously unchanged.
Therefore,

Now if we put RC = t at above equation, we get

This RC or product of resistance and capacitance of RC series circuit is known as time constant of the circuit. So, time constant of an RC circuit, is the time for which voltage developed or dropped across the capacitor is 63.2% of the supply voltage. This definition of time constant only holds good when the capacitor was initially unchanged.
Again, at the instant of switching on the circuit i.e. t = 0, there will be no voltage developed across the capacitor. This can also be proved from equation (ii).

So initial current through the circuit is, V/R and let us consider it as I0.
Now at any instant, current through the circuit will be,

Now when, t = Rc the circuit current.

So at the instant when, current through the capacitor is 36.7% of the initial current, is also known as time constant of the RC circuit.
The time constant is normally denoted will τ (taw). Hence,

Transient During Discharging a Capacitor

Idan capacitor an samu lalacewar, musamman voltage a kan capacitor ce sama da voltage a kan source. Idan voltage source an jiƙe da amma duwatsu a kan battery suka jiƙe, capacitor zai faru maimakon electrons between two plates zai faru a kan short circuit path. Wannan faru yana ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da voltage a kan capacitor ya zama zero. Wannan yanayi ana amsa ne discharging of capacitor. Idan za a duba transient behavior of capacitor during discharging.

Idan za a duba circuit a nan tare da Kirchhoff Current Law, ina iya samun,