Utendakazi wa Kondensaa

Wakati voltage inatumika kwa haraka juu ya capacitor ambayo hakuna umbo kabla, electrons zitachukua muda mfupi kutoka chanzo hadi capacitor na kurudi tena. Nyinginevu, kusambazishwa kwa viwango katika capacitor hujaza mara moja. Kama viwango vilivyohifadhiwa katika capacitor vinavyoongezeka, voltage iliyopatikana juu ya capacitor pia inaongezeka. Voltage iliyopatikana juu ya capacitor inafikia supply voltage kwa kasi ya kuongeza viwango katika capacitor. Wakati voltage hizo zinawa sawa, itakuwa hakuna viwango vingine zinavyofika kutoka chanzo hadi capacitor. Mfuko wa electrons kutoka chanzo hadi capacitor na capacitor hadi chanzo ni kitu kizuri tu cha electric current.

Mwanzoni, hii current itakuwa maximum na baada ya muda fulani, current itakuwa zero. Muda ambapo current huchanganya katika capacitor unatafsiriwa kama transient period. Uwezo wa charging current au viwango vingine kama voltage, katika capacitor unatafsiriwa kama transient.
Kuelewa transient behavior of capacitor tufanye to draw a RC circuit kama inayoelezwa chini,

Sasa, ikiwa switch S inafunguliwa kwa haraka, current itananza kutumika kwenye circuit. Tufanye current wakati wowote ni i(t).
Tambua pia voltage iliyopatikana juu ya capacitor wakati ule ni Vc(t).
Hivyo, kutumia Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law, katika circuit hiyo tunapata,

Sasa, ikiwa transfer ya charge wakati huu (t) ni q coulomb, basi i(t) inaweza andikwa kama
Hivyo,

Kutumia this expression ya i(t) equation (i) tunapata,

Sasa kutengeneza pande zote na muda tunapata,

Ambapo, K ni constant anaweza kupewa kutokana na initial condition.
Tufanye t = 0 wakati wa kutumia circuit, kutumia t = 0 katika equation hiyo tunapata,

Itakuwa hakuna voltage iliyopatikana juu ya capacitor wakati t = 0 kama ilikuwa unatumaini kabla.
Hivyo,

Sasa ikiwa tutumia RC = t katika equation hii, tunapata

Hii RC au product ya resistance na capacitance ya RC series circuit inatafsiriwa kama time constant ya circuit. Hivyo, time constant ya RC circuit, ni muda ambao voltage iliyopatikana au dropped juu ya capacitor ni 63.2% ya supply voltage. Definition hii ya time constant ina maana tu ikiwa capacitor ilikuwa unatumaini kabla.
Ten tena, wakati wa kutumia circuit i.e. t = 0, hakuna voltage iliyopatikana juu ya capacitor. Hii inaweza kutathmini kutokana na equation (ii).

Hivyo initial current through the circuit is, V/R na tufanye tu ikiwa ni I0.
Sasa wakati wowote, current through the circuit will be,

Sasa when, t = Rc the circuit current.

Hivyo at the instant when, current through the capacitor is 36.7% of the initial current, is also known as time constant of the RC circuit.
The time constant is normally denoted will τ (taw). Hence,

Transient During Discharging a Capacitor

Sasa, supose capacitor imejazwa kamili, i.e. voltage katika capacitor ni sawa na voltage ya source. Sasa ikiwa voltage source inapatikana na instead two terminals of the battery are short circuited, the capacitor will stared discharging means, unequal distribution of electrons between two plates will be equalized through the short circuit path. The process of equaling electrons concentration in two plates will continue until the voltage at capacitor becomes zero. This process is known as discharging of capacitor. Now we will examine the transient behavior of capacitor during discharging.

Sasa, kutokana na circuit hii hii kutumia Kirchhoff Current Law, tunapata,