Mudel na Atomi na Bohr

A cikin shekarar 1913, an kawo da shi Danish Physicist Niels Bohr. Daga wannan model bayan atom ya kunshi mai girma na musamman a tsakiyar ita da elektronon wanda ke gudana a kasa mai dawa a kan girman - babu hakan da yake atom. Amma a nan, zama lafiya ta da suka shafiwa ta tashin zarra-zarra ta tsaftace da suka samun jirgin kamar solar system. Amma a nan, zama lafiya ta da suka shafiwa ta tashin zarra-zarra ta tsaftace. Girman ya fi karkashin musamman da elektronon ne karkashin haske. Niels Bohr ya bayyana cewa girman ya kunshi protons da neutronon. Protons suna da karkashin musamman da neutronon ba su da karkashin bane. Niels Bohr ya kawo da quantum theory don in yi karfin Rutherford’s atomic model. Daga wannan sana'ar,

1. Elektronon ke gudana a kan girman a kan kasa-kasashin musamman. Har kasansuna na da daraja na energy. Wannan kasa-kasai sunan kasa-kasa masu maza. Kasa na naka a kan girman na da darajin energy da duni da kasa na gaba na da darajin energy da rike. Elektron ya iya gudana a kan darajin energy musamman baya bayan ya taba energy. Idan an yi lisa energy zuwa atom, elektron ya haifi zuwa kasa na darajin energy da rike. Amma idan elektron ya haifi daga kasa na darajin energy da rike zuwa kasa na darajin energy da duni, elektron ya fito energy a matsayin kasa-kasa mai kudi. Wannan kasa-kasa sunan quanta ko photons. Energy ta photon ya ba da ita,
   

   Daga ma'aika,
   ‘h’ shine plank's constant,
   ‘υ’ shine frequency of light (a Hz),
   ‘c’ shine speed of light (a m/sec),
   ‘λ’ shine wave length of light emitted (a meter).

   

2. Zama lafiya ta da suka shafiwa ta tashin zarra-zarra ta tsaftace a kan girman da karkashin haske ta elektronon ke gudana a kasa mai dawa.

3. Angular momentum ta elektronon ke gudana a kasa mai dawa ya fi muhimmiyar integer
   
   Daga ma'aika, n shine integer wanda ake kira quantum number.

4. Radius ta kasa ya fi muhimmiyar n2 da velocity ta elektron ya fi muhimmiyar 1/n. Wannan zaɓuɓɓukan ya ba da abubuwa da aka samu a kan tattaunawa.

Wannan model tana da wasu muhimmin yaduwar da aka bayyana:

1. Yana amfani a kan atom na elektron daban-daban, yaɗuwa hydrogen atom. Ba zan iya yin daidaita zuwa wata atom mai inganci ba.

2. Ba ta ba da tushen ko ƙananan game da haifi ta elektron daga kasa zuwa kasa.

3. Ta kawo da quantum number n kawai. Amma, tushen bayanai game da fine structure of spectral line ta bayyana cewa ana buƙatar quantum numbers da sauran.

4. Quantitative explanation of chemical bonding ba zan iya yin daidaita a kan Bohr’s atomic model.

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