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In daily operations, various equipment defects are inevitably encountered. Whether maintenance personnel, operation and maintenance staff, or specialized management personnel, all must understand the defect classification system and adopt appropriate measures according to different situations.According to Q/GDW 11024-2013 "Operation and Management Guide for Relay Protection and Safety Automatic Devices in Smart Substations," equipment defects are classified into three levels based on severity an

Grounding transformer is a special type of transformer primarily used for grounding protection in power systems. The design and winding connection methods of this transformer are crucial to ensuring the safe operation of power systems.1.Function of Grounding TransformerThe main function of a grounding transformer is to provide grounding protection in power systems. When a ground fault occurs in the system, the grounding transformer helps limit the fault current, thereby protecting equipment and

1. IntroductionA transformer operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The main components of a transformer are the windings and the core. During operation, the windings serve as the path for electric current, while the core serves as the path for magnetic flux. When electrical energy is input to the primary winding, the alternating current creates an alternating magnetic field in the core (i.e., electrical energy is converted into magnetic field energy). Due to magnetic link