Fomula na Gine Matematika (Dukkan Tushen Mafi Yawan Mu'amala)

Electrical4u

فیلڈ: Karkashin Kuliya da Dukkana

China

Formulas For Electrical Engineering

Na kimiyyar maimakonin kasa yana da muhimmanci wajen fahimta, kudin da amfaniya na tsohon abubuwan maimakonin kasa da ake amfani da su a cikin ranar.

Yana gaba da duk biyuwar masu muhimmanci kamar; sissobin kasa, maimakonin kasa, kudin kasa, ilimin kimiyya, tsarin magana, telekominikaci, cin kasa, artificial intelligence, da sauransu.

Babban kimiyyar wannan yana da muhimmiyar formulas da adadin (laws) da ake amfani da su a duk abubuwa kamar haɗa kan circuits da amfani da abubuwan maimakonin kasa don yaɗa waɗannan al'umma.

Duk formulas da ake amfani da su a duk kimiyyoyin maimakonin kasa suna nufin da za su bayyana a nan.

Voltage

Voltage yana nufin farko da shi da a kan biyuwar kasa per unit charge daga biyu zuwa biyu a cikin electric field. Unit ta voltage shine Volt (V).

(1) $\begin{equation*} Voltage (V) = \frac{Work done (W)}{Charge (Q)} \end{equation*}$

Daga equation ta haka, unit ta voltage shine $\frac{joule}{coulomb}$

Current

Jama'a na dacewa ake kira wani yadda abubuwa masu karamin zafi (daidai da ions) suka yi hanyar zuba. Kuma ana kiran shi da yadda hanyar zuba masu karamin zafi suka yi hanyar zuba a kan alama mai zuba.

Ma'ana mai jama'a na dacewa shine ampere (A). Kuma ana sanya jama'a na dacewa da rubutu 'I' ko 'i'.

(2) $\begin{equation*} I = \frac{dQ}{dt} \end{equation*}$

Gimba

Gimba ko gimba na tashar jama'a ta kira yadda ake bincika tsarin jama'a. Gimba ta kira da ohm (Ω).

Gimba ta karamin zuba ta kira da faɗin material, kuma ta kira da sauran cikin material.

$R \propto \frac{l}{a}$

(3) $\begin{equation*} R = \rho \frac{l}{a} \end{equation*}$

Daga, $\rho$ = sabbin da karkashin (specific resistance ko resistivity ta material mai gini)

A cikin hukumar ohm;

$V \propto I$

(4) $\begin{equation*} Voltage \, V = \frac{I}{R} \, Volt \end{equation*}$

Daga, R = Resistance of conductor (Ω)

(5) $\begin{equation*} Current \, I = \frac{V}{R} \, Ampere \end{equation*}$

(6) $\begin{equation*} Resistance \, R = \frac{V}{I} Ohm \end{equation*}$

Karamin Noma

Noma shi ne tarihin karamin zafi da ya gama da karamin noma a kan lokacin.

(7) $\begin{equation*} P = \frac{dW}{dt} \end{equation*}$

Don Sistem DC

(8) $\begin{equation*} P = VI \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} P = I^2 R \end{equation*}$

Don Wata a Tsakiyar Fasa

10) $\begin{equation*} P = VI cos \phi \end{equation*}$

(11) $\begin{equation*} P = I^2 R cos \phi \end{equation*}$

(12) $\begin{equation*} P = \frac{V^2}{R} cos \phi \end{equation*}$

Don nan zabe mai tsawon uku

(13) $\begin{equation*} P = \sqrt{3} V_L I_L cos \phi \end{equation*}$

(14) $\begin{equation*} P = 3 V_ph I_ph cos \phi \end{equation*}$

(15) $\begin{equation*} P = 3 I^2 R cos \phi \end{equation*}$

(16) $\begin{equation*} P = 3 \frac{V^2}{R} cos \phi \end{equation*}$

Faktor Gudummawa

Faktor gudummawa yana da muhimmanci a cikin na'urar AC. An kawo shi a matsayin tarihi daga zafi mai gudummawa da take sauka a kan tafkin zuwa zafi mai fata da ita a kan tafki.

(17) $\begin{equation*} Power \, Factor Cos\phi= \frac{Active \, Power}{Apparent \, Power} \end{equation*}$

Faktor gudummawan da taɗa tsarin lambar da ke da muhimmanci a cikin tsakiyar -1 zuwa 1. Idan abin da ake saka ya fi shi ne a kan -1, idan abin da ake saka ya fi shi ne a kan 1.

Tsari

Tsari yana nufin darasi na wata lokaci. Ana kiran shi da f daidai a Hertz (Hz). Wata Hertz yana nufin wata darasa a shekara.

Akwai tsari masu ƙarfin 50 Hz ko 60 Hz.

Lokacin da ya ɗauka yana nufin lokaci da ke buƙaci wata darasa, ana kiran shi da T.

Tsari yana ƙaramin lokacin da ya ɗauka (T).

(18) $\begin{equation*} F \propto \frac{1}{T} \end{equation*}$

Abu Tsarin Tsari

Abu tsarin tsari yana nufin ɗalilin da ke daga ɗaya zuwa ɗaya na abubuwa masu hanyar da suka faru (duka ɗaya zuwa ɗaya na mafi tsawo ko ɗaya zuwa ɗaya na zero).

Ana kiran shi da tarihi mai tsari da tsarin tsari don alamar sinusoidal.

(19) $\begin{equation*} \lambda = \frac{v}{f} \end{equation*}$

Kapasitansi

Kadaka shi aiki na kasa a tsakiyar elektrikiduwa a lokacin da sanya ta gane. Ingantaccen kapasitansa a tsakiyar elektrikiduwa ana nufin kapasitansi.

Karamin shi a kan kapasitansa ya shafi mai shirya da zama a kan kapasitansa da ke faruwar sanya ta gane.

$Q \propto V$

$Q = CV$

(20) $\begin{equation*} C = \frac{Q}{V} \end{equation*}$

Kapasitansi yana iya girma da adadin kafin bayan duka (d), tsari na kafin (A), da kuma permissibiti na materialin dielectric.

(21) $\begin{equation*} C = \frac{\epsilon A}{d} \end{equation*}$

Indukta

An indukta yana tafi shirya karamin kware a cikin jirgin ruwa idan karamin kware ya haɗa saboda. Yawanci, indukta ta zama da sunan coil, reactor, ko chokes.

Yadda da take da inductance shine henry (H).

Inductance ita ce a hanyar yawan linkage na magnetic flux (фB), da karamin kware ta haɗa saboda indukta (I).

(22) $\begin{equation*} L = \frac{\phi_B}{I} \end{equation*}$

Karamin Kware

Karamin kware shine siffofin kima. Idan wani abu a gaba a cikin jirgin ruwa na electromagnetic, zai samu dogon.

Karamin kware zai iya zama maimaito (proton) da kuma nufin (electron), da ake bincike a cikin coulomb da ake nuna da Q.

Daya daga cikin coulomb ita ce yadda da ake bayarwa saboda karamin kware a cikin sekundi daya.

(23) $\begin{equation*} Q = IT \end{equation*}$

Farko Daidaita

Farko daidaita shi wani yanki ko kasa a kan abu da ya da damar daidai idan abin da suka da damar daidai zai samu fuskantar hukuma.

Farko daidaita tana da sunan farko daidaita ko kasa ko daidaita da ya da damar, an sanya da E.

Farko daidaita tana nufin tsari na fuskantar hukuma zuwa abin da ya da damar daidai.

(24)
$\begin{equation*} E = \frac{F}{Q} \end{equation*}$

Don jirgin daidaita, yanayin bayyana daga fata zuwa fata ta gida tana nufin aikin da ake yi game da abin da ya da damar daidai Q don kawo daga fata ta gida zuwa fata ta biyu.

$V = \frac{Work done}{charge} = \frac{Fd}{Q} = Ed$

(25) $\begin{equation*} E = \frac{V}{d} \end{equation*}$

Yanayin Elektirik

Idan abu da yanayin elektirik ya kawo a cikin yanayin elektirik na abu daidai, yana samu yanayi a gaba hukuma na Coulomb.

Coulomb’s Law.png

Kamar yadda ake nuna a fayilin, an yi abu da yanayin elektirik a cikin al'umma. Idan abubuwa masu yanayin elektirik daidai, abubuwa suna dace. Amma idan abubuwa suka da yanayin elektirik daban-daban, abubuwa suna juye.

A gaba hukuma na Coulomb,

(26) $\begin{equation*} F = \frac{Q_1 Q_2}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 d^2 } \end{equation*}$

A cikin hukumomin Coulomb, tushen daidaitar lura daidai ita ce;

$E = \frac{F}{Q} = \frac{kQq}{Qd^2}$

(27) $\begin{equation*} E = \frac{kq}{d^2} \end{equation*}$

Lura daidai

A cikin hukumomin Gauss, tushen daidaitar lura daidai ita ce;

(28) $\begin{equation*} \phi = \frac{Q}{\epsilon_0} \end{equation*}$

Machin DC

Back EMF

(29) $\begin{equation*} E_b = \frac{P \phi NZ}{60A} \end{equation*}$

Kashe a Machin DC

Kashe na koper

Kashe na koper yana faru saboda cikakken karamin wadanda. Kashe na koper tana da muhimmanci sama da karamin karamin da ke gudanar da wadanda, kuma ana kiran shi da I2R loss ko ohmic loss.

Kashe na koper na armature: $I_a^2 R_a$