1. Masuwa a Fitar da Da'ayin Aiki na Takaddun Bincike na Gariya
1.1 Masuwa a Turbin
A lokacin fitar da da'ayin aiki na takaddun bincike na gariya, saboda turbin shi ne aikin yakin, ana bukatar da fitar da da'ayin aiki na turbin ya zama muhimmanci. Wadannan suna cewa masuwa da za su iya samu a lokacin fitar da da'ayin aiki na turbin.
1.1.1 Masuwa a Fitar
Arewa da Tashin Turbin: Yawan fitar da turbin ya ba da buƙata a matsayin abubuwan da ake fara. Idan an fitar da turbin a arewa da ba ta dace ko tashin tafiyar, zai iya haɗa da haɗa ko kawo a lokacin yi aiki, wanda zai iya tabbatar da aiki na turbin.
Masuwa a Tashin Turbin: Ana bukatar da tashin turbin ya faru a cikin hanyoyin da ake bayyana. Idan an faru tashi a cikin hanyoyin da ba su dace, zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin aiki, sannan zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin aiki. Duk da haka, ya kamata a faru tashi a cikin tsarin da ke dace. Idan ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da tushen da ba dace, amma idan ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da tashin tafiyar.
Karfin Tashin Tafiyar: A lokacin fitar da turbin, karfin tashin tafiyar ya fi yawa. Idan an zaba karfin tashin tafiyar da ba su dace ko a yi aiki a cikin tsarin da ba su dace, zai iya haɗa da karfin tashin tafiyar, wanda zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin aiki.
1.1.2 Masuwa a Da'ayin Aiki
Tsarin Tashin Tafiyar: Ba da ya faru turbin, ana bukatar da tsarin tashin tafiyar don neman karfin tashin tafiyar. Idan abubuwan da aka nema ba su dace, zai iya nuna cewa akwai karfin tashin tafiyar a cikin turbin ko akwai haɗa a lokacin fitar da turbin.
Tsarin Tashin Tafiyar da Tashin Tafiyar: Tsarin tashin tafiyar da tashin tafiyar suna iya amfani da su don neman cewa abubuwan da ke aiki na turbin su dace da hanyoyin da ake fara. Abubuwan da ba su dace a tsarin tashin tafiyar zai iya nuna cewa akwai masuwa a cikin turbin ko akwai haɗa a lokacin fitar da turbin.
Neman Lafiya da Neman Tufafi: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman lafiya da tufafi na turbin. Idan lafiya ko tufafi ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya nuna cewa akwai masuwa a cikin turbin, kamar tushen da ba dace ko tashin tafiyar da ba dace.
1.2 Masuwa a Circuit Breaker
1.2.1 Masuwa a Fitar
Tashin Tsaftaci: Idan an faru circuit breaker, ana bukatar da tsaftaci a cikin hanyoyin da ake fara. Idan an tsafta da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da tsaftacen da ba su dace, wanda zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin circuit breaker.
Haɗa a Tashin Tafiyar: A lokacin fitar da circuit breaker, ana bukatar da tashin tafiyar ya dace. Akwai haɗa mai yawa a tashin tafiyar zai iya haɗa da karfin tashin tafiyar, wanda zai iya haɗa da inganci.
Masuwa a Tashin Tafiyar: A lokacin fitar da circuit breaker, ana bukatar da tashin tafiyar ya faru a cikin tsarin da ke dace. Idan tashin tafiyar ba su faru da ma'ana ko faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da tashin tafiyar da tashin tafiyar na circuit breaker.
1.2.2 Masuwa a Da'ayin Aiki
Masuwa a Insulation Rod: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman karfin tashin tafiyar da tashin tafiyar na insulation rod na circuit breaker. Idan akwai masuwa a insulation rod, kamar karfin tashin tafiyar da ba dace ko tashin tafiyar da ba dace, zai iya haɗa da aiki na circuit breaker.
Masuwa a Closing and Tripping Coil: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman tashin tafiyar da tashin tafiyar na closing and tripping coils. Idan abubuwan da aka nema ba su dace, zai iya haɗa da circuit breaker ya faru da ma'ana ko faru da ma'ana.
Lafiya da Tufafi da Ba Dace: Lafiya da tufafi na circuit breaker suna iya nuna cewa akwai masuwa. Idan lafiya da tufafi ba su dace, zai iya haɗa da karfin tashin tafiyar na circuit breaker.
Tufafi Mai Ma'ana: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman tufafi na circuit breaker. Idan tufafi ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da tushen da ba dace, wanda zai iya haɗa da tsarin tafiyar na circuit breaker.
1.3 Masuwa a Disconnector
1.3.1 Masuwa a Fitar
Haɗa a Porcelain Insulator: Wannan ya fi yawa da karfin tafiyar na disconnector, da kuma aikin yakin da yin aiki. Misali, a lokacin da ka faru porcelain insulator, akwai masuwa kamar karfin tafiyar da ba dace, da kuma tushen da ba dace. Duk da haka, idan an tsafta da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da tushen da ba dace, wanda zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin aiki.
Lafiya Mai Ma'ana a Tashin Tafiyar: Wannan ya fi yawa da karfin tafiyar na compression spring, da kuma tushen da ba dace. Duk da haka, akwai masuwa kamar karfin tafiyar da ba dace, da kuma tushen da ba dace, wanda zai iya haɗa da lafiya mai ma'ana a tashin tafiyar.
Masuwa a Mechanism: Wannan ya fi yawa da tushen da ba dace, kamar in ba aiki da ma'ana. Duk da haka, akwai masuwa kamar karfin tafiyar da ba dace, da kuma tushen da ba dace, wanda zai iya haɗa da tushen da ba dace a cikin mechanism.
Masuwa a Transmission: Wannan ya fi yawa da karfin tafiyar na transmission system, da kuma tushen da ba dace, wanda zai iya haɗa da tushen da ba dace a cikin aiki.
1.3.2 Masuwa a Da'ayin Aiki
Masuwa a Electric Operation: Wannan ya fi yawa da tushen da ba dace, kamar tushen da ba dace a cikin hanyoyin da ake fara, da kuma tushen da ba dace a cikin electric interlocking circuits.
Closing da Ba Dace ko Non - Synchronous Three - Phase: Wannan ya fi yawa da tushen da ba dace, kamar tushen da ba dace a cikin mechanism, da kuma tushen da ba dace a cikin maintenance da da'ayin aiki.
Lafiya Mai Ma'ana a Tashin Tafiyar: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman lafiya mai ma'ana a tashin tafiyar. Wannan ya fi yawa da tushen da ba dace, kamar tushen da ba dace a cikin compression spring, da kuma tushen da ba dace a cikin contact surface, da kuma tushen da ba dace a cikin aiki.
1.4 Masuwa a Transformer
1.4.1 Masuwa a Fitar
Short - Circuit a Cikin Windings: Wannan ya fi yawa da karfin tafiyar da ba dace a cikin windings. Short - circuit a cikin windings zai iya haɗa da transformer ya faru da ma'ana, kuma zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin aiki.
Terminal Loosening ko Poor Contact: Idan an faru terminal da ba su dace, zai iya haɗa da output signals da ba su dace, kuma zai iya haɗa da measurement errors.
Electric Leakage a Housing: Wannan ya fi yawa a cikin lafiya mai ma'ana da kuma cikin tushen da ba dace. Electric leakage zai iya haɗa da measurement errors, kuma zai iya haɗa da inganci a cikin aiki.
1.4.2 Masuwa a Da'ayin Aiki
Ratio Deviation: Ratio na transformer zai iya faru da ma'ana, wanda zai iya haɗa da accuracy. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da current source da ake fara don neman accuracy na ratio.
Core Saturation: A lokacin lafiya mai ma'ana, core na transformer zai iya saturation, wanda zai iya haɗa da distortion da error na output voltage. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman cewa output ya faru da linear relationship da input current.
Temperature Drift: Changes na temperature zai iya haɗa da performance na current transformer. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman output na current transformer a cikin different temperature conditions.
External Magnetic Field Interference: External magnetic field zai iya haɗa da aiki na current transformer. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman output na current transformer a cikin condition da ba ake fara external current.
1.5 Masuwa a Lightning Arrester
1.5.1 Masuwa a Fitar
Improper Installation Position: Ana bukatar da fitar da lightning arrester ya faru a cikin tsarin da ake fara. Idan arewa da fitar da lightning arrester ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da karfin tafiyar. Duk da haka, idan an fitar da lightning arrester a arewa da ba su dace, zai iya haɗa da karfin tafiyar.
Connection Problems: Idan connection wires na lightning arrester ba su faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da aiki. Misali, idan cross-sectional area na connection wires ya faru da ma'ana, ko idan connection wires ba su faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da aiki.
Grounding Problems: Grounding na lightning arrester ya fi yawa. Idan grounding resistance ya faru da ma'ana, ko idan grounding wire ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da aiki. Connection diagram na lightning arrester ya samu a Figure 1.
Excessive Leakage Current: Idan leakage current na lightning arrester ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da internal moisture, insulation aging, ko damage. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da maintenance ko replacement.
Excessive Residual Voltage: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman residual voltage. Idan residual voltage ya faru da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da damage ko aging na internal components. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da maintenance ko replacement.
Insensitive Operation: A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da neman insensitive operation. Idan lightning arrester ba aiki da ma'ana, zai iya haɗa da internal mechanical failures, poor electrical connections, ko aging. A lokacin da'ayin aiki, ana bukatar da detailed inspection da repair.
2. Handling of Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
2.1 Principles of Fault Handling in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Safety-First Principle: A lokacin handling of faults, safety of personnel is the top priority. It is essential to strictly abide by safety operation procedures to avoid casualties or further accidents.
Rapid Response Principle: Once a fault occurs, the staff should respond promptly and handle it in a timely manner. Do not underestimate the fault due to its small-scale or inconspicuous symptoms to ensure the problem is resolved in a timely manner.
Inspection-Before-Treatment Principle: Before handling a fault, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out first to identify the specific location and cause of the fault, so as to deal with it in a targeted manner and avoid misjudgment or delay in repair time.
Combination of Repair and Prevention Principle: While handling the fault, experience should be summarized, the root cause of the fault should be identified, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken to avoid the recurrence of similar faults.
2.2 Procedures for Fault Handling in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Rapid Response Principle: Once a fault occurs, the staff should respond promptly and handle it in a timely manner. Do not underestimate the fault due to its small-scale or inconspicuous symptoms to ensure the problem is resolved in a timely manner.
Inspection-Before-Treatment Principle: Before handling a fault, a comprehensive inspection should be carried out first to identify the specific location and cause of the fault, so as to deal with it in a targeted manner and avoid misjudgment or delay in repair time.
Combination of Repair and Prevention Principle: While handling the fault, experience should be summarized, the root cause of the fault should be identified, and corresponding preventive measures should be taken to avoid the recurrence of similar faults.
3. Case Analysis of Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
3.1 Common Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
3.2 Typical Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Transformer Faults
Overheating: It may be caused by a cooling system failure or overload. It is necessary to check the cooling system and load conditions of the transformer.
Abnormal Noise: Usually, it is caused by impurities inside the transformer or structural looseness. Cleaning and tightening treatments should be carried out.
Oil Leakage: It may be caused by the aging or damage of the sealing parts of the insulating oil. It is necessary to check and replace the sealing parts.
Switchgear Faults
Poor Contact: It may be caused by loose wiring or contamination of metal contacts. Cleaning and tightening treatments should be carried out.
Tripping: It may be caused by improper settings of overload protection devices or equipment failures. It is necessary to check the protection parameters and equipment status.
Transmission Line Faults
Insulation Damage: It may be caused by equipment defects, insulation aging, or environmental humidity. Insulation detection and replacement of damaged components should be carried out.
Electric Leakage: It may be caused by line damage or poor contact. Partial discharge testing and insulation treatment should be carried out.
Protection Device Faults: Protection devices may experience misoperation or refusal to operate. It is necessary to check the wiring, power supply, and setting parameters of the protection devices.
Grounding Faults: Problems such as excessive grounding resistance or damaged grounding wires may lead to grounding faults. It is necessary to check the grounding system and grounding resistance.
Other Faults: Problems with distribution boxes (such as grounding wire problems, non-standard box openings, etc.), improper equipment grounding, and equipment conductor connection problems need to be inspected and repaired according to specific conditions.
3.3 Special Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Overload Faults: Overload faults are usually caused by excessive load or equipment damage. Such faults are relatively common in substation electrical equipment and are likely to cause equipment overheating and burnout, seriously affecting the normal operation of the power grid system. When dealing with such faults, the first step is to adjust the system load distribution to avoid equipment overload, and then check for any equipment damage and carry out timely repair or replacement.
Short-Circuit Faults: Short-circuit faults are relatively serious faults in substation electrical equipment. They may be caused by poor internal circuit connections of equipment or damage to the grounding wires of external equipment. Short-circuit faults are likely to cause equipment damage, fires, and other dangerous situations, severely affecting the normal operation of the power grid system. When dealing with such faults, the power supply should be quickly cut off, the cause of the short-circuit should be checked, and repairs should be carried out.
