1. Xeşkîna û Debugging-ê ya Pîçeyên Elektrîkî ya Substation
1.1 Xeşkîna Transformer
Dema xeşkîna û debugging-ê ya pîçeyên elektrîkî ya substation, wek cihazê nîvendî, xeşkîna û debugging-ê ya transformer dihêne bûyirî ye. Ji ber vê, şerhekirina xebata yên ku dibe dikarin derve hejmar bikin.
1.1.1 Xeşkîna Xebat
Pozîsyon û Fixing: Pozîsyona xeşkînê ya transformer ên hewce ye ku taybetmendiyên projeksiyona werine destnîşan bike da ku stabîl û serperst be. Xeşkîna pozîsyonê yê neyêr û fixingê yê neyêr divê bi serperestîya transformerê re tevlî bike, ku ji bo operasyonê normala wê çêdike ye.
Xebata Wiring: Wiringa transformerê divê bi sertîkariyê ve li ser rresm û spesifikasyonan bigere. Wiringa neyêr divê serbexserî û ewlekariyê were, ku yê din divê zelalî û wiringa terminala were çapik bike.
Insulation Treatment: Dema xeşkînê ya transformer, insulation treatmentê pirî ye. Hilbijartina neyêr materialên insulation û karanîna neyêr constructionê divê serbexserî û ewlekariyê were.
1.1.2 Xebata Debugging
Withstand Voltage Test: Dema transformer xeşk kirin, withstand voltage testê were bikerin da ku performance insulationê were kontrol bikin. Eger neticeyên testê tune nebe, ew dibe ku insulation defects an damage di dema xeşkînê de were.
No - load and Load Tests: No - load and load testsê were bikin da ku performance parametersa transformerê were kontrol bikin. Neticeyên testê nêmala tune dibe ku faultsa nêr û xebata di dema xeşkînê de were.
Temperature and Noise Detection: Dema debugging, temperature û noisea transformerê were kontrol bikin. Temperature û noise tune dibe ku problemsa heat dissipation û iron core loose were.
1.2 Circuit Breaker Faults
1.2.1 Faults during Installation
Insufficient Line Inspection: Piştî xeşkînê ya circuit breaker, linea guhurtina circuit breakerê were kontrol bikin. Kontrola neyêr divê serbexserî û ewlekariyê were.
Insulation Housing Damage: Dema xeşkînê, insulation housinga circuit breakerê were kontrol bikin. Her minor damage divê serbexserî û ewlekariyê were.
Screw Fixing Issues: Dema xeşkînê, screwa four - corner fixingê were fix bikin. Screw neyêr fix bikin û fix bikin tune divê stability û performancea circuit breakerê were çapik bike.
1.2.2 Faults during Debugging
Insulation Rod Faults: Dema debugging, composition insulation û resistancea insulation rodê were kontrol bikin. Eger problem le insulation roda were, ew divê insulation performance û abnormal resistance values were çapik bike.
Closing and Tripping Coil Faults: Dema debugging, insulation resistance û DC resistancea closing û tripping coils were measure bikin. Eger parameteryan tune nebe, ew divê circuit breakerê closing û tripping tune nebe.
Abnormal Closing and Tripping Times: Closing û tripping timesa circuit breakerê important indicatorsn di dema debugging de. Eger closing û tripping times tune nebe, ew divê protection performancea circuit breakerê were çapik bike.
Excessive Contact Bounce Time: Dema debugging, bounce timea contactsa circuit breakerê were measure bikin. Excessive bounce time divê contact wear increase bike, ku service lifea circuit breakerê were çapik bike.
1.3 Disconnector Faults
1.3.1 Faults during Installation
Porcelain Insulator Fracture: Vê li ser product quality, disconnector quality, û operation methoda were. Dema firing processa porcelain insulator, problemsa under - firing, uneven density, û poor cement bonding were. Kontrola neyêr divê serbexserî û ewlekariyê were.
Overheating of the Conductive Circuit: Vê li ser fatigue û deteriorationa compression springa static contact finger, unilateral contacta static contact finger, û increase contact resistance di dema long - term operation de were. Processa silver - platinga contact, easy wear û copper exposure, dirty contact surface, insufficient insertiona contact, rusty bolts, etc. heating problems were.
Mechanism Problems: Vê li ser operation failures, refusal to operate, û switch not being in place were. Mechanism boxa sealing tune û rust û water ingress were, mechanisma serious rust, dry lubrication, û increased operation resistance [2] were.
Difficult Transmission: Vê li ser rust transmission systema disconnector, large transmission resistance, û difficult to open or close the switch were.
1.3.2 Faults during Debugging
Failure of Electric Operation: Vê li ser problemsa operation power supply circuit, power supply circuit, fuse fusing, loosening, û abnormal electrical interlocking circuits were.
Incomplete Closing or Non - Synchronous Three - Phase: Vê li ser mechanism rust, jamming, û improper maintenance û debugging were.
Heating of the Contact Part: Dema debugging, heating contact part were. Vê li ser looseninga compression spring û screws, oxidationa contact surface, too small contact area, excessive load operation, û arc - burninga contact were.
1.4 Transformer Faults
1.4.1 Faults during Installation
Internal Winding Short - Circuit: Vê li ser rupture û breakdowna insulation materiala windings were. Internal winding short - circuit divê transformer fail bike û electrical failures more serious trigger bike.
Terminal Loosening or Poor Contact: Dema connectinga transformer, terminal loosening û poor contact unstable output signals û measurement errors were.
Housing Electric Leakage: Vê li ser high - humidity û corrosive environments were. Electric leakage measurement errors û safety hazard were.
1.4.2 Faults during Debugging
Ratio Deviation: Ratioa transformer may deviate from normal value, accuracya measurement were. Dema debugging, current source with known accuracy testing were.
Core Saturation: Under high - current conditions, corea transformer may saturate, output voltage distortion û error were. Dema debugging, output linearly related input current check were.
Temperature Drift: Temperature changes performancea current transformer drift were. Testing outputa current transformer different temperature conditions temperature drift check were.
External Magnetic Field Interference: External magnetic field interference operationa current transformer were. Testing outputa current transformer no external current condition observe external magnetic field affect were.
1.5 Lightning Arrester Faults
1.5.1 Faults during Installation
Improper Installation Position: Installation positiona lightning arrester regulations were. Installation position low û high lightning protection effect were. Installing lightning arrester mechanical damage, pollution, û chemical corrosion vulnerable place performance decline û damage were.
Connection Problems: Poor contact û loosening connection wiresa lightning arrester working properly were. Connection wires cross - sectional area too small, insecure connection, û corrosion failures were.
Grounding Problems: Groundinga lightning arrester important part normal operation were. Grounding resistance excessive û grounding wire broken lightning arrester effect seriously affect were. Connection diagrama lightning arrester Figure 1 shown were.
Excessive Leakage Current: Dema debugging, leakage currenta lightning arrester specified value exceed internal moisture, insulation aging, û damage lightning arrester were. Maintenance û replacement timely required were.
Excessive Residual Voltage: Lightning arrester operates, quickly reduce voltage safe level should. Dema debugging, excessive residual voltage detected, damage û aging internal components lightning arrester were. Maintenance û replacement required were.
Insensitive Operation: Dema debugging, lightning arrester insensitive û fails operate, internal mechanical failures, poor electrical connections, û aging [4] were. Detailed inspection û repair lightning arrester necessary were.
2. Fault Handling in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
2.1 Principles of Fault Handling in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Safety - First Principle: Fault handling, safety personnel top priority. Safety operation procedures strictly abide casualties û further accidents avoid were.
Rapid Response Principle: Fault occurs, staff promptly respond û handle timely manner. Fault underestimate small - scale û inconspicuous symptoms, ensure problem resolved timely manner.
Inspection - Before - Treatment Principle: Fault handling, comprehensive inspection first, specific location û cause fault identify, targeted manner deal, misjudgment û delay repair time avoid.
Combination of Repair and Prevention Principle: Fault handling, experience summarized, root cause fault identified, corresponding preventive measures taken, recurrence similar faults avoid.
2.2 Procedures for Fault Handling in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Rapid Response Principle: Fault occurs, staff promptly respond û handle timely manner. Fault underestimate small - scale û inconspicuous symptoms, ensure problem resolved timely manner.
Inspection - Before - Treatment Principle: Fault handling, comprehensive inspection first, specific location û cause fault identify, targeted manner deal, misjudgment û delay repair time avoid.
Combination of Repair and Prevention Principle: Fault handling, experience summarized, root cause fault identified, corresponding preventive measures taken, recurrence similar faults avoid.
3. Case Analysis of Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
3.1 Common Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
3.2 Typical Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Transformer Faults
Overheating: Cooling system failure û overload caused. Check cooling system û load conditions transformer.
Abnormal Noise: Impurities inside transformer û structural looseness caused. Cleaning û tightening treatments carried out.
Oil Leakage: Aging û damage sealing parts insulating oil caused. Check û replace sealing parts.
Switchgear Faults
Poor Contact: Loose wiring û contamination metal contacts caused. Cleaning û tightening treatments carried out.
Tripping: Improper settings overload protection devices û equipment failures caused. Check protection parameters û equipment status.
Transmission Line Faults
Insulation Damage: Equipment defects, insulation aging, û environmental humidity caused. Insulation detection û replacement damaged components carried out.
Electric Leakage: Line damage û poor contact caused. Partial discharge testing û insulation treatment carried out.
Protection Device Faults: Protection devices misoperation û refusal operate. Check wiring, power supply, û setting parameters protection devices.
Grounding Faults: Excessive grounding resistance û damaged grounding wires, grounding faults. Check grounding system û grounding resistance.
Other Faults: Distribution boxes (grounding wire problems, non - standard box openings), improper equipment grounding, û equipment conductor connection problems, inspected û repaired specific conditions.
3.3 Special Faults in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Overload Faults: Overload faults usually caused excessive load û equipment damage. Faults common substation electrical equipment, likely cause equipment overheating û burnout, seriously affecting normal operation power grid system. Dealing faults, adjust system load distribution, avoid equipment overload, check equipment damage, carry out timely repair û replacement.
Short - Circuit Faults: Short - circuit faults relatively serious faults substation electrical equipment. Caused poor internal circuit connections equipment û damage grounding wires external equipment. Short - circuit faults likely cause equipment damage, fires, û dangerous situations, severely affecting normal operation power grid system. Dealing faults, quickly cut off power supply, check cause short - circuit, carry out repairs.
Grounding Faults: Grounding faults caused excessive grounding resistance, damaged grounding wires. Faults affect normal operation equipment, trigger dangerous situations fires. Dealing faults, check grounding device intact, eliminate problems poor contact grounding resistance, ensure grounding resistance meets requirements.
Insulation Faults: Insulation faults usually caused equipment defects, insulation aging, environmental humidity. Insulation faults, equipment often cannot operate normally, severe cases, cause damage staff û equipment. Dealing faults, insulation detection û maintenance carried out, improve insulation level equipment, prevent occurrence insulation faults.
4. Abnormal Phenomena in the Installation and Debugging of Substation Electrical Equipment
Distribution Box Installation Faults: Gaps distribution box ground, grounding wire meet specification requirements repeated operation conditions; non - standard openings distribution box body, welding openings, protective paint box body damage; limited space distribution box, affecting manual operation.
Conductor Quality Problems: Color û quantity conductors meet requirements, easily cause confusion installers. Neutral wire, live wire, û ground wire same color, safety hazard.
Conduit Laying Problems: Conduits short û wires exposed, overlapping phenomenon distribution box concealed pipeline. Construction workers properly control depth conduits buried wall û ground, reserved space insufficient, difficulties wire crossing threading work.
Improper Insulator Installation: Insulators installed specifications, insulation performance equipment decline, discharge faults triggered.
Excessive Grounding Resistance: Measured value grounding resistance exceeds specified standard, affect safe û stable operation equipment.
Poor Contact at Busbar Joints: Poor installation busbar joints, unstable operation equipment, even serious consequences fires.
Transformer Faults: Problems overheating, abnormal noise, û oil leakage transformers related cooling systems, internal impurities, û sealing performance insulating oil.
Switchgear Faults: Phenomena poor contact û tripping switchgear related firmness wiring, cleanliness metal contacts, working state overload protection devices.
Transmission Line Faults: Faults insulation damage û electric leakage transmission lines, timely insulation resistance testing partial discharge testing, replacement damaged insulation parts.
Protection Device Faults: Protection devices faults misoperation û non - operation electrical installation debugging process. Check setting parameters working state devices.
For these abnormal phenomena, strict quality control û technical inspection required installation debugging process, promptly detect û handle problems, ensuring normal operation, safe û stable operation substation electrical equipment.
5. Conclusion
Electrical installation û debugging substations key links ensure stable operation power system. Study in - depth explored common faults û handling methods process. Electrical installation û debugging process, every link highly emphasized. Technical training û quality control strengthened, professional level installation û debugging personnel improved. Perfect fault prevention û handling mechanism established, ensure faults quickly accurately located solved. Scientific effective fault handling, reliability û safety substation electrical equipment significantly improved, thus ensuring normal operation entire power system.
