Nau'o'i da Fasahar Kirkiya na Tsuron Kula da Kungiyar Gida

Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Kashi: Taurari da Tasirin Dukkuka

Fuska mai yawan kirki na kashi suna cikin manyan abubuwa masu muhimmanci a cikin lamarin kashi. Suna hana kirkinta karkashin lokaci da dukku ya faru, wanda ke nuna babban tsohon kashi ko kudaden tsawo. Amma saboda ingantaccen aiki da wasu batutu, ana iya samun dukukawa a cikin fuska kamar haka da ke bukatar tasirin dukkukan da kammalan.

I. Taurari na Fuska Mai Yawan Kirki Na Kashi

1. Saboda Ingantaccen Aiki:

• Na farko: Ana sauya a cikin makarantar da suke.

• Na gaba: Ana sayar da shi a cikin fushi, tun daga zafi.

2. Saboda Tsarin Kudaden Tsawo:

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Taili
  Yana amfani da taili a matsayin tsarin kudaden tsawo.

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Taili Masu Zama (Taili Masu Zama): Taili ta yi waɗannan labaran kudaden tsawo da kuma jirgin kudaden tsawo.

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Taili Da Rike (Taili Da Rike): Taili ta yi waɗannan labaran kudaden tsawo da kuma jirgin kudaden tsawo; amma kudaden tsawo na gaba (misali, kudaden tsawo na gaba) ne ke jirgin kudaden tsawo.

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Fushen Haya: Yana kudan tsawon a cikin fushen haya mai yawan haye, tun daga yadda ake amfani da haye. Yana da amfani a cikin lamarin kashi na yawan gaba saboda tsarin ranar da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi.

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na SF₆: Yana amfani da gasar SF₆—wanda ake sanar da ita a matsayin maye da kudaden tsawo da kuma jirgin kudaden tsawo. Yana da amfani a cikin lamarin kashi na yawan kashi saboda tsarin ranar da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi.

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Hashe Mai Zama: Yana amfani da hashe mai zama don kudan tsawo da kuma bayyana kudaden tsawo a lokacin kudaden tsawo. Yana da amfani a gaba saboda tsarin ranar da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi.

• Fuska mai Yawan Kirki na Kudaden Tsawo Da Zama: Yana amfani da kudaden tsawo da zama don kudan tsawo. Yana da amfani a cikin lamarin DC ko kuma lamarin AC masu yawan kashi.

II. Dukukawa Masu Yawan Da Kammalawa na Fuska Mai Yawan Kirki Na Kashi

1. Babu Kudaden Tsawo (Babu Kudaden Tsawo)

Wannan zai iya shahara saboda abubuwan kima, dukukawa a cikin lamarin kontrol, ko kuma abubuwan kimiyya. Bara lamarin kontrol da kima.

Dukukawa na kontrol sun hada da:

(1) Larabi ba ta yi waɗa ko kuma ta yi waɗa

• Bara idan zama na kontrol ta fi koyar da zama na kontrol.

• Idan larabi mai lafiya ba ta yi waɗa a lokacin da saki ta kasance "Kudaden Tsawo", abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne: babu kudaden tsawo ko kuma fuse ta yi waɗa.

• Idan larabi mai lafiya ta yi waɗa amma larabi mai lafiya ba ta yi waɗa, bara larabi mai lafiya.

• Idan larabi mai lafiya ta yi waɗa amma ta yi waɗa mafi yawa, abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne: zama na kontrol ta yi waɗa ko kuma kimiyya ta yi waɗa a cikin mekaniki.

• Idan larabi mai lafiya ta yi waɗa mafi yawa amma ta yi waɗa mafi yawa, bara kimiyya ta yi waɗa a cikin mekaniki ko kuma zama na kontrol ta yi waɗa.

(2) Kontakta ta yi waɗa

• Idan larabi mai lafiya ta yi waɗa: bara fuse na kontrol (positive/negative).

• Idan larabi mai lafiya ta yi waɗa: amfani da pen na bincike ko multimeter don bincika sakkin kontrol, relay na anti-pumping, kontakta na daya, da kuma bara coil ta yi waɗa ko kuma tsari ta yi waɗa.

(3) Kontakta ta yi waɗa amma fuska ba ta yi waɗa

• Abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne: kontakta ta yi waɗa, arc chute jamming, coil ta yi waɗa, ko kuma fuse na AC ta yi waɗa a cikin rectifier na kudaden tsawo.

(4) Kontakta ta yi waɗa, fuska ta yi waɗa amma ba ta yi waɗa da kusa
Abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne:

• Kimiyya ta yi waɗa a cikin mekaniki

• Zama na DC bus ta yi waɗa

• Tsari ta yi waɗa amfani da trip circuit

• Kimiyya ta yi waɗa (misali, mai amfani ya koma sakkin kontrol ta mafi yawa)

2. Babu Kudaden Tsawo (Babu Kudaden Tsawo)

Yana da alama mafi yawa da babu kudaden tsawo, saboda zai iya shahara babu kudaden tsawo a cikin lamarin kashi (cascade tripping), wanda ke nuna babban tsohon kashi.

(1) Abubuwan da ke iya shahara babu kudaden tsawo

• Larabi mai lafiya ba ta yi waɗa: yana nuna babu kudaden tsawo.

• Bara: larabi, fuse, kontakta na sakkin kontrol, kontakta na daya.

• Bara: coil na relay na anti-pumping, continuity na trip circuit.

• Coil ta yi waɗa mafi yawa: zai iya shahara saboda zama na pickup voltage, zama na aiki, plunger ta yi waɗa, ko kuma coil fault.

• Plunger ta yi waɗa amma fuska ba ta yi waɗa: abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne: kimiyya ta yi waɗa ko kuma pin na drive linkage ta yi waɗa.

(2) Bincike babu kudaden tsawo

• Babu kudaden tsawo a cikin kimiyya: Tattauna mara zuwa dispatch.

• Idan bypass switch an samu: kare kasa zuwa bypass, kudaden tsawo na bus-side disconnectors na fuska mai dukkuka, sannan kudaden tsawo na bypass breaker don kudaden tsawo na kasa.

• Babu kudaden tsawo a cikin lamarin kashi na gaba:

• A lokacin da kasa ta yi waɗa, kudaden tsawo na disconnectors na fuska mai dukkuka.

• Kudaden tsawo na all feeders a cikin bus mai dukkuka.

• Tattauna mara zuwa dispatch don kammalawa na system.

3. Kudaden Tsawo Ko Kudaden Tsawo Da Rike (False Operation)

(1) Kudaden Tsawo Da Rike (False Trip)
Yana faru idan fuska ta yi waɗa ba tare da activation na protection ko operator action. Abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne:

• Two-point DC grounding a cikin lamarin kontrol—bara da kuma kammala ground fault ta mafi yawa.

• Interlock mechanism ta yi waɗa—isolate breaker (open source-side disconnector) da kuma test close once.

• Idan evidence ta nuna internal fault ba tare da relay activation, bincike da kuma kammala.

(2) Kudaden Tsawo Da Rike (False Close)
Fuska mai dukkuka ta yi waɗa ba tare da command. Abubuwan da ke iya shahara su ne:

• Two-point DC grounding energizing closing circuit.

• Stuck auto-reclose relay contact.

• Low pickup voltage + high coil resistance, causing false closure during DC transient pulses.

4. Overheating of Circuit Breaker

Main symptoms: overheated tank (especially in minimum-oil breakers), heated frame.

• Cause: Poor contact or oxidation in conductive parts.

• Risks: Insulation damage, cracked porcelain, smoking, oil spraying, or even explosion.

• Action: Strengthen patrols, detect early, and address promptly.

5. Other Common Faults

(1) Oil Circuit Breaker Fire
Fire may result from dirty or damp bushings causing ground flashover, or internal arcing.

• If fire just started: Immediately remotely trip the breaker.

• If fire is severe: Use upstream breaker to isolate the circuit, then open disconnectors on both sides to fully isolate the unit. Extinguish with dry-type fire extinguisher (e.g., CO₂ or powder).

(2) Trip/Close Coil Smoking
Trip/close coils are designed for short-time duty. Prolonged energizing causes overheating and burnout.

• Action: Immediately report to dispatch and request replacement.

• If closing fuse blows during operation, replace only with specified rating—never use oversized fuse to prevent coil damage.

(3) Emergency Manual Trip Required
Immediately take oil circuit breaker out of service if any of the following occur:

• Severe porcelain insulator cracking, flashover, or explosion

• Melting or disconnection of conducting parts

• Loud internal arcing sounds

• Severe oil deficiency

Summary

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of high-voltage circuit breaker types, common operational faults, and corrective actions. Proper classification, regular inspection, and prompt troubleshooting are essential for ensuring system reliability, personnel safety, and equipment longevity.