Gidajen Kula da Hanyoyin Ƙananan Da Duk Ƙarfin Kirkiro na 10kV

Farkon da Kwaikwayo na Vacuum Circuit Breaker da Kayan Aiki na Electrical Engineers

Idan vacuum circuit breakers suna amfani da su a tattalin arziki, kamar yadda masu sayar suka gina suna iya zama. Wasu models sun nuna kyakkyawar adadin aiki, suna bukata inganci, kuma suna ba da ala ciki da kyakkyawan takardun arziki. Wasu suna samu matsalolin da suka dace, kuma wasu suna da matsalolin da suka dace da zama da muhimmanci wanda za a iya haifar da over-level tripping da kuma kisan shiga. Za a iya duba haka don in sami taurari mai kyau da kayan aiki da kuma in sami hanyoyin aiki mai kyau.

1. Tashin Vacuum a Cikin Vacuum Interrupter

1.1 Shaida
Vacuum circuit breakers suna kawo current da kuma kusa da arcs a cikin vacuum interrupter. Amma, yawanci suna bukatar qualitative ko quantitative vacuum monitoring, wanda ya ba da shaida (latent) wanda ya fi tsawo da shaidai masu fahimta.

1.2 Asibiti

• Matsaloli a material ko tattalin vacuum bottle, wanda ya ba da micro leaks.

• Matsaloli a material ko tattalin bellows, wanda ya ba da leaks bayan samun aiki daidai.

• A separate-type VCBs (misali, waɗannan da electromagnetic operating mechanisms), linkage travel mai yawa ya haifar da synchronization, bounce, da over-travel, wanda ya zama da vacuum degradation.

1.3 Hazards
Tashin vacuum ya haifar da kyakkyawar aiki na breaker a kusan fault currents, ya kudace service life, kuma ya iya haifar da explosions.

1.4 Solutions

• A lokacin scheduled outages, amfani da vacuum tester don in yi qualitative vacuum checks da kuma in tabbatar da vacuum levels mai kyau.

• Replace the vacuum interrupter idan ana samu vacuum loss, kuma yi travel, synchronization, da bounce tests bayan haka.

1.5 Preventive Measures

• Zaɓi vacuum breakers daga reputable manufacturers da designs mai kyau da masu matukar.

• Yana da ma'ana integrated designs inda interrupter da operating mechanism suka gine waje.

• A lokacin patrols, duba external arcing a cikin vacuum bottle. Idan ana samu, vacuum integrity an rasa kiyaye - schedule immediate replacement.

• A lokacin maintenance, tabbatar da synchronization, bounce, travel, da over-travel don in haifar da kyakkyawar aiki.

2. Failure to Trip (Trip Rejection)

2.1 Fault Symptoms

• Remote control fails to trip the breaker.

• Manual local tripping fails.

• Relay protection operates during faults, but the breaker fails to trip.

2.2 Root Causes

• Open circuit a cikin trip control loop.

• Open trip coil.

• Low operating voltage.

• Increased trip coil resistance, reducing tripping force.

• Deformed trip rod causing mechanical binding and reduced force.

• Severely deformed trip rod causing complete jamming.

2.3 Hazards
Trip failure during faults leads to over-level tripping, expanding the fault scope and causing widespread outages.

2.4 Solutions

• Check for open circuits in the trip control loop.

• Inspect the trip coil for continuity.

• Measure trip coil resistance for abnormalities.

• Examine the trip rod for deformation.

• Verify normal operating voltage.

• Replace copper trip rods with steel ones to prevent deformation.

2.5 Preventive Measures

• Operators: If trip/close indicator lights are off, immediately check for open control circuits.

• Maintenance staff: During outages, measure trip coil resistance and inspect trip rod condition. Replace copper rods with steel.

• Perform low-voltage trip/close tests to ensure reliable operation.

3. Spring Mechanism – Charging Circuit Faults

3.1 Fault Symptoms

• After closing, the breaker cannot trip (insufficient energy).

• The storage motor runs continuously, risking overheating and burnout.

3.2 Root Causes

• Limit switch installed too low: Cuts motor power before spring is fully charged → insufficient energy for tripping.

• Limit switch installed too high: Motor stays energized after full charge.

• Faulty limit switch → motor fails to stop.

3.3 Hazards

• Incomplete charging may cause trip failure during faults, leading to over-level tripping.

• Motor burnout renders the breaker inoperable.

3.4 Solutions

• Adjust limit switch position for accurate motor cutoff.

• Replace damaged limit switches immediately.

3.5 Preventive Measures

• Operators: Monitor the "spring charged" indicator during operation.

• Maintenance: After servicing, perform two local trip/close operations to verify proper function.

4. Poor Synchronization & Excessive Contact Bounce

4.1 Fault Phenomenon
This is a hidden fault—only detectable via mechanical characteristic tests (e.g., timing analyzers).

4.2 Root Causes

• Poor mechanical quality of the breaker body; repeated operations cause misalignment and high bounce.

• In separate-type breakers, long linkage rods cause uneven force transmission, increasing phase-to-phase timing differences and bounce.

4.3 Hazards
High bounce or poor synchronization severely impacts fault current interruption, shortens lifespan, and may cause explosions. Due to its hidden nature, this fault is especially dangerous.

4.4 Solutions

• Adjust the length of the three-phase insulating pull rods to bring synchronization and bounce within acceptable limits (while maintaining proper travel and over-travel).

• If adjustment fails, replace the faulty phase’s vacuum interrupter and re-adjust.

4.5 Preventive Measures

• Replace aging separate-type breakers with integrated (monobloc) designs to reduce failure risks.

• During maintenance, always perform mechanical characteristic tests to detect and resolve issues early.

Final Note: Environmental Protection

Never overlook environmental impacts. Ensure clean, dry, vibration-free, and temperature-controlled conditions to guarantee safe and reliable operation of vacuum circuit breakers.