Masu Gaba da Tarihin Kula da Sabbin Masu Gida don 145kV Disconnector Control Circuits

Zanen da 145 kV mai hanyar tsari shi ne a cikin gwamnati masu sauran kwakwalwa. Ana amfani da ita tare da ƙwarewa na mafi yawan kirkiro kuma yana da muhimmanci a cikin rayuwar gwamnati:
Tara, ana iya kula da kayayi daga abubuwan da ke yi aiki don in ba da dalilai da ma'adanji da kyau;Duka, ana iya gudanar da aiki don in bude hanyar ra'ayin gwamnati;Goma, ana iya kula da hanyoyin da suka da zafi da kuma hanyoyin da suke duba (loop) da zafi.

Idan an yi aiki, za a iya amfani da zanen da ɗaya. Zanen da ɗaya za a iya amfani da zanen da ɗaya ba tare da ƙwarewa na kyau kuma ba tare da cewa hanyar da ya yi aiki ya haifar da ma'aikata. Idan akwai matsaloli a cikin hanyar da ya yi aiki, zai iya faru abubuwa masu yawa.

1. Bincike da Addinin Hanyar da Ya Yi Aiki na Zanen da 145 kV

Hanyar da ya yi aiki na zanen da 145 kV na musamman yana da biyu na ɓangaren: hanyar da ya yi aiki na motori da hanyar da ya bayar da zama na motori.Hanyar da ya yi aiki na biyu na ƙwarewa: ƙwarewa ta hanyar ta hankali, ƙwarewa ta hanyar ta rarraba, da ƙwarewa ta hanyar ta mara.A kan "mara" da "ta hankali" ana yi aiki ta hanyar takaitaccen da a cikin kuton da ya fi sani da bayanin da kaɗansu. Hanyar da ya yi aiki na biyu yana da interlock, takaitaccen da ya fi sani da bayanin da kaɗansu, ƙwarewa masu ƙanan goma (5P), ƙwarewa masu ƙanan goma, ƙwarewa masu ƙanan goma, da sauransu.

Interlock na musamman yana samun:

• Interlock na ƙwarewa don in ba ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa a lokacin da ƙwarewa ta fito;

• Interlock na biyu a bayan zanen da ƙwarewa da ƙwarewa.
  Waɗannan interlocks suna samun da magana da sakamako da ƙwarewa, zanen da ƙwarewa, da ƙwarewa da kuma ƙwarewa da a cikin hanyar da ya yi aiki.Additionally, there are GBM (bus tie) and PBM (bypass) interlocks.

Hanyar da ya bayar da zama na motori shi ne hanyar da yake da motori, contacts from contactors in the control circuit, power miniature circuit breakers (MCBs), limit switches, etc. In actual operation, the motor is controlled by the control circuit to rotate forward or reverse, thereby actuating the disconnector’s opening or closing. A pair of contacts from the closing and opening contactors are connected in series in the power circuit. For closing, the phase sequence is ABC; for opening, the sequence is reversed to ACB, thus reversing the motor direction to operate the blades.

The remote monitoring system uses line measurement & control devices to remotely control the disconnector’s opening and closing. After the disconnector reaches its end position (fully open or closed), the power circuit must be disconnected; otherwise, the motor will continue running until it burns out. To prevent this, limit switches are installed in series in the power circuit. When the disconnector reaches its end position, the limit switch opens and stops the motor.

To prevent dangerous operations—such as opening/closing the disconnector under load or closing the earthing switch while energized—an electrical interlock is incorporated into the control circuit. Electric operation is only enabled when all five-prevention conditions are satisfied.

2. Types of Control Circuit Faults

Classified by the number of faulty phases, faults can be divided into three-phase faults and phase-loss faults (including one-phase or two-phase failures).
Based on operational scenarios, faults can be further categorized into four types:

• Local open/close fails, but remote operation works.

• Remote open/close fails, but local operation works.

• Both remote and local electric operations fail, but manual operation via contactor magnetic pull-in is possible.

• Only manual crank operation is possible.

3. Fault Phenomena of Disconnectors

During on-site commissioning, it was observed that disconnectors that previously operated normally via remote/local electric control suddenly failed to open or close. In some cases, after the motor operating mechanism remained energized for an extended period, the disconnector became inoperable—and this issue recurred repeatedly. Such faults severely disrupted commissioning progress and posed safety risks to substation operation, necessitating immediate troubleshooting to identify the root cause.

4. Fault Handling and Root Cause Analysis

4.1 Faulty Open/Close Contactors

If both local and remote operations fail, go to the terminal box and attempt a local open/close operation once. If the contactor coil does not energize properly, the contactor is likely faulty.

Under normal conditions, pressing and releasing the open/close button briefly is sufficient to complete the operation. This is because, upon pressing the button, the contactor not only activates its main power contacts but also closes a self-holding contact. Even after releasing the button, the contactor remains energized to keep the motor running.

If the motor turns slightly and then stops immediately, but operates normally when the button is held down continuously, the self-holding contact of the contactor is likely damaged. To confirm:

• Turn off the motor power MCB;

• Press the open/close button;

• Amfani da multimeter don duba hanyar tsari a cikin tashin gaba-gaba.
  Idan ba a kasance hanyar tsari, tashin gaba-gaba yana da lafiya.

4.2 Tushen Yawanci na Motor (Kasafuwar Tsari)
Cikin tsarin gudummawa, akwai zabe-zaben kasa ta motor da kuma wuraren tashin gaba-gaba. Tushen yawanci na motor ana iya shahara saboda tashin gaba-gaba da suka wuce ko kasafuwar tsari a cikin kasa uku da ke karkashin motor.

Tushen tafiya:

• Dubaci cewa MCBs na kontrol da kasa ta motor suna kisa, kuma amfani da multimeter don tabbatar da tsari na biyu a cikin tashin gudummawa na biyu.

• Duba kasa ta motor, baka kasa ta kontrol, kuma sauta takamakon kula/kula na bayanin kontrol. Amfani da multimeter don duba cewa tashin gaba-gaba suka tafiya daidai.

• Idan abin da ya faru yana daidai, duba kasa ta kontrol da kasa ta motor, kuma duba cewa asokacin kasa uku da suka wuce a cikin tashin motor.

A cikin batu, akwai wasu tashin bayan-bayan da suka samu karfin kasa uku da suka wuce, wanda yake shahara tushen yawanci na motor. Bayan inda suka gyare tashin, tushen yawanci ya zo daidai.

Wasu abubuwan tushen masu nuna cikin tsarin gudummawa na disconnector sun haɗa: tashin gaba-gaba da suka da lafiya, limit switches da suka rarrabe mafi yawan yaki, kuskure da suka kusa (misali, busbar disconnector ba suka kusa da busbar earthing switch, ko line earthing switch ba a duba cewa an yi tasiri ta kasa daga baya).

Wata batu a cikin tsari yana iya shahara. Idan an samu abin, dubaci tushen tafiya cikin duk tsari, duba kusan kusan, kuma zaɓe wurin da abin yake faru, kuma salo batun da ke faru. Saboda haka, masu amfani suna bukata a fahimta masu amfani game da tushen tafiya don in taimaka wajen taimaka da tushen da taimakawa.

4.3 Wasu Abubuwan Tushen

Disconnector na 145 kV yana amfani da shi da ƙwarewa kuma yana da muhimmanci ga tushen tafiya na karkashin kasa da kungiyoyin kasa; saboda haka, yana bukata a fadada amfani da shi. A cikin yadda ake amfani, ba a nan lokacin da circuit breaker ya kula, disconnector ya kula don bayyana wurin da ke kula a cikin abubuwan da ake kula da kasa, kuma bayyana fadin da ke kula a cikin masu amfani.

Akwai wasu abubuwan tushen masu nuna kamar:

(1) Tushen kula/kula na bayan-bayan idan amfani na kula/kula ya faru, amma amfani na kula/kula ya daidai. Don tushen tafiya: dubaci selector switch na "remote/local." Amfani da multimeter don tabbatar da cewa tsari ya kasa zuwa device na measurement & control idan selector switch ya kasa zuwa "remote." Idan ba a kasance tsari, salo selector switch; idan a kasance tsari, duba cewa tashin gaba-gaba ba su ba da kusa ko suka wuce.

(2) Tushen kula/kula na bayan-bayan saboda tashin push buttons da suka da lafiya.
Dubu kowane tushen tafiya:

• Tushen da ake amfani da kasa: sauta button, kuma amfani da multimeter don duba cewa tsari ya kasa zuwa;

• Tushen da ake amfani da kasa: baka kasa ta kontrol, sauta button, kuma amfani da multimeter don duba cewa tashin gaba-gaba suka tafiya daidai.
  Idan an tabbatar da cewa button yana da lafiya, salo button don kawo amfani.

5. Kammalawa

Yanzu, tushen disconnector na 145 kV suna faru a lokacin da ake amfani da abubuwan, musamman a ranar garmi idan adadin ma'adi na kasa yana ƙasar da kuma fadada ake amfani da abubuwan. Saboda hakan, tushen disconnector yana da muhimmanci ga tushen tafiya na karkashin kasa da kungiyoyin kasa. Saboda haka, masu amfani suna bukata a fahimta masu amfani game da tushen tafiya don in taimaka wajen taimaka da tushen da taimakawa. Wannan yana taimaka wajen taimaka da tushen da taimakawa, kuma taimaka wajen taimaka da tushen da taimakawa, kuma taimaka wajen taimaka da tushen da taimakawa.