Misali yadda ake faɗi ƙarfin kadan?

Na wani yadda aka kawo hanyoyi?

Takaitaccen Hanyoyi

Hanyoyi shine kawuwar gine da ke yi a kan fadada tsari, wani babban sana'a a sayarautar jirgin tsari.

Kawon Hanyoyi Da Duk ( <1Ω)

Babbar Kafin Kelvin

Babbar kafin Kelvin shine hadin kafin Wheatstone. Rikitar da take shafi ita tana nuna diagram ta babbar kafin Kelvin.

Daga cikin rikitar da ake nuna a nan, akwai kafuwa biyu, mafi ya na P da Q, mafi na biyu na p da q. R shine hanyoyi da ba a san bata, S shine hanyoyi da ake san bata. A nan r yana nufin kawuwar gine da ke yi a kan bayanai da hanyoyi da ake san bata, wanda ake bukatar da ake haɗa. Don kawo, ake yi P/Q da p/q sama, kuma saboda haka ake samu kafin Wheatstone da ba ake saƙe lura, wanda yake haɗa zuwa galvanometer. Saboda haka, don kafin da ba ake saƙe lura, za a iya rubuta

A nan ake amfani da Equation 2 a Equation 1, kuma ake amfani da P/Q = p/q, muna samu wannan natijar:

Saboda haka, a nan muna cewa ta haka ake iya haɗa kawuwar gine da ke yi a kan bayanai daga ciki, kuma ake haɗa kawuwar gine da ke yi. Don haɗa kawuwar gine na wasu, ake yi aiki da battery da ake faɗa, kuma a nan ake samu ƙarin bayanai, kuma a nan ake samu ƙarin bayanai. Wannan kafin yana da muhimmanci don hanyoyi a cikin 0.1µΩ zuwa 1.0 Ω.

Ducter Ohmmeter

Ducter Ohmmeter, wani alama na electromechanical, ana kawo hanyoyi da duk. An taimakawa da magnet da ba a yawan gine, kamar PMMC, da kuma duhu biyu da ake ƙware da shi a kan gine, kuma suna zama da a kan axis mai yawa. Rikitar da ake nuna a nan tana nuna Ducter Ohmmeter da na lafiya da ake kawo hanyoyi da ba a san bata R.

Wanda daga duhu biyu an taimaka su da current terminals C 1 da C2, wanda biyu an taimaka su da potential terminals V1 da V2. Duhu na voltage yana da current da ke faru da voltage drop across R, kuma duhu na current yana da current da ke faru da current flowing through R. Duhu biyu suna zama da a kan abin da ake tsara, kuma indicator yana zama da a kan lokacin da abin biyu su sama. Wannan alama yana da muhimmanci don hanyoyi a cikin 100µΩ zuwa 5Ω.

Kawon Hanyoyi Masu Gaba (1Ω – 100kΩ)

Ammeter Voltmeter Method

Wannan shine wani matsayin yanayin da ya fiye da kuma ya fiye don kawo hanyoyi. Ana amfani da ammeter wanda yake kawo current, I, da kuma voltmeter wanda yake kawo voltage, V, kuma muna samu hanyoyin da ke faru da

A nan muna samu matsayin biyu na ammeter da voltmeter, da ake nuna a nan.A nan a figure 1, voltmeter yana kawo voltage drop across ammeter da hanyoyi da ba a san bata, kuma

Saboda haka, kawuwar gine relative yana da,

Don connection a figure 2, ammeter yana kawo sum of current through voltmeter da resistance, kuma

Kawuwar gine relative yana da,

Muna gano cewa kawuwar gine relative yana da zero don R a = 0 a kasu na farko da Rv = ∞ a kasu na biyu. A nan ake magana cewa wani matsayin yana da muhimmanci don wani matsayin. Don a samun haka muna yin equation biyu

Saboda haka, don hanyoyi masu gaba da ke faru da equation na ƙarfin, ake amfani da matsayin na farko, kuma don hanyoyi da ke ƙarfin ake amfani da matsayin na biyu.

Wheatstone Bridge Method

Wannan shine wani matsayin da ya fiye da kuma ya fiye don kawo hanyoyi. Yana da arms biyar da resistance P, Q; R da S. R shine hanyoyi da ba a san bata, S shine hanyoyi da ake san bata. P da Q sunan ratio arms. An taimaka EMF source a kan points a da b, kuma an taimaka galvanometer a kan points c da d.

Circuit bridge yana da muhimmanci a principle of null detection, yana nufin a yi parameter har zuwa lokacin da detector yake nuna zero, kuma a nan ake amfani da mathematical relation don samun hanyoyin da ba a san bata. A nan standard resistance, S, yana daidaita don samun null deflection in the galvanometer. Wannan null deflection yana nufin ba a kasance current from point c to d, wanda yana nufin c da d suna da sama voltage. Saboda haka

A nan ake ƙunshi equations biyu muna samu equation famous –

Substitution Method

Rikitar da ake nuna a nan tana nuna circuit diagram don kawo hanyoyi da ba a san bata R. S shine standard variable resistance da r shine regulating resistance.

A nan ake ƙunshi switch a position 1, kuma ake yi ammeter don kawo current da ke faru da r. An samu ammeter reading. A nan ake ƙunshi switch a position 2, kuma ake yi S don samun ammeter reading da ke faru da position 1. An samu S da ke faru da position 1, shine value of unknown resistance R, idan EMF source yana da constant value throughout the experiment.

Kawon Hanyoyi Masu Yaki (>100kΩ)

Loss of Charge Method

A nan ake amfani da equation of voltage across a discharging capacitor don samun value of unknown resistance R. Rikitar da ake nuna a nan tana nuna circuit diagram da equations involved are-

Amma case na ƙarfin yana nufin ba leakage resistance of the capacitor. Saboda haka, don a haɗa haka, ake amfani da circuit da ake nuna a nan. R 1

A nan ake ƙunshi procedure da first with switch S1 closed and next with switch S1 open. Don case na farko muna samu

Don case na biyu with switch open muna samu

A nan ake amfani da R 1 from above equation in equation for R’ muna samu R.

Megohm Bridge Method

A nan ake amfani da philosophy na Wheatstone bridge amma a wani hali na haske. A nan ake nuna high resistance as in the figure below.

G shine guard terminal. A nan ake nuna resistor as shown in the adjoining figure, where R AG and RBG are the leakage resistances. Circuit for measurement is shown in the figure below.

A nan muna gano cewa a nan ake samu resistance which is parallel combination of R and R AG. Amma haka yana haɗa kawuwar gine da ba su da muhimmanci.