Mai Turbin: Me ke ta ce?

Muhimmiya Maitar (Electric Motor) Na Nisa?

Muhimmiya maitar (ko kuma electric motor) yana da shi wani abu mai girma da ke kawo energy na tsarin karamin lura zuwa energy na gida. Yawancin muhimmiyar maitar suna yi waɗannan bayan samun hanyoyin da ake taka da sauran hanyoyin da ake taka da wire winding. Wannan samun hanyoyin yana gina raƙi (kamar yadda ake nuna a Faraday’s Law) a kan form ta torque wanda ake taka da shaft na maitar.

Muhimmiyar maitar zai iya samun energy daga direct current (DC) sources, kamar batari ko rectifiers. Ko kuma daga alternating current (AC) sources, kamar inverters, electric generators, ko kuma power grid.

Maitar su ne sabbin abubuwan da masu aiki masu aikinsu a shekarar 21.

Babu maitar, zanen ba su ji a lokacin Sir Thomas Edison, inda babu wata da ake amfani da energy na tsarin karamin lura kafin in kare a cikin lightbulbs.

Muhimmiyar maitar suna cikin makaranta, trains, power tools, fans, air conditioning, household appliances, disk drives, da kuma wasu abubuwa. Wasu electric watches suna amfani da maimaitar kadan.

An fi sani types of motors da ake gina don abubuwan da dama.

Principles na gaba da ke canza aikin maitar shine Faraday’s Law of induction.

Hakan, raƙi yana faru idan alternating current ta samu da magnetic field na baka.

Idan an samu maitar, akwai matsalolin da suka faru a wannan fanni, kuma ya zama wani abu mai muhimmanci ga masu aiki a shekarar zuwa.

A nan za a magana game da duka major electrical motors da ake amfani a shekarar zuwa.

Types of Electric Motors

Duk types of motors sun hada:

• DC Motors

• Synchronous Motors

• 3 Phase Induction Motors (a type of induction motor)

• Single Phase Induction Motors (a type of induction motor)

• Other special, hyper-specific motors

Motors suna cikin diagram da ake nuna:

Among the four basic classifications of motors mentioned above, the DC motor, as the name suggests, is the only one that is driven by direct current.

It’s the most primitive version of the electric motor where rotating torque is produced due to the flow of current through the conductor inside a magnetic field.

The rest are all AC electric motors and are driven by alternating current, for, e.g., the synchronous motor, which always runs at synchronous speed.

Here the rotor is an electromagnet that is magnetically locked with a stator rotating magnetic field and rotates with it. These machines’ speed is varied by varying the frequency (f) and the number of poles (P), as Ns = 120 f/P.

In another type of AC motor where rotating magnetic field cuts the rotor conductors, hence circulating current induced in these short-circuited rotor conductors.

Due to the magnetic field’s interaction and these circulating currents, the rotor starts to rotate and continues its rotation.

This is an induction motor, which is also known as the asynchronous motor, runs at speed less than its synchronous speed, and the rotating torque and speed is governed by varying the slip, which gives the difference between synchronous speed Ns and rotor speed Nr,

It runs governing the principle of EMF induction due to varying flux density. Hence the name induction machine comes.

Single-phase induction motors, like a 3 phase motor, runs by the principle of emf induction due to flux.

But unlike 3 phase motors, single-phase motors run on a single-phase supply.

Single-phase motors starting methods are governed by two well-established theories, namely the Double Revolving field theory and the Crossfield theory.

Apart from the four basic types of motor mentioned above, there are several types of special electrical motors.

These include linear induction motors (LIM), hysteresis motors, Stepper motors, and Servo motors.

Each of these motors have special features that have been developed according to the needs of the industry, or for usage in a particular gadget.