Fahimta Variyacin Rectifier da Power Transformer

Tsunukan da Masu Karkashin Iya-kwafi da Karkashin Iya-kwafi na Nafsiya

Karkashin iya-kwafi da karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna cikin gurbin karkashin iya-kwafi, amma suna haɗa shi ne a wurin aiki da siffofin muhimmanci. Karkashin iya-kwafi masu yawan da aka fi sani a cikin gida-gida suna da muhimmanci suka zama karkashin iya-kwafi, amma mafi girman da ke taimakawa dabbobi ko kawai al'adu a makarantun kayan adan suna da muhimmanci suka zama karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya. Fahimtar hasukun da suka haɗa shi ya tabbatar da duk abubuwa uku: addinin aiki, siffofin tsakiyar, da yanayin aiki.

Daga matsayin siffofin aiki, karkashin iya-kwafi suna haɗa shi ne a kawo lisan iya-kwafi. Misali, suke sauran lisan iya-kwafi ta fitaccen jirgin sama daga 35 kV zuwa 220 kV don kawo lisan iya-kwafi ta hanyar da ita ce, sannan suke sauran lisan iya-kwafi ta hanyar da ita ce zuwa 10 kV don kawo lisan iya-kwafi ta hanyar da gida. Wannan karkashin iya-kwafi suna da muhimmanci suka zama masu taimaka wajen kawo lisan iya-kwafi. Amma karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna haɗa shi ne a kawo lisan iya-kwafi daga AC zuwa DC, musamman da kawai al'adu masu karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya don kawo lisan iya-kwafi daga AC zuwa DC. Misali, a cikin gwamnati mai karfi, karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna kawo lisan iya-kwafi daga AC zuwa 1,500 V DC don kawo lisan iya-kwafi ta hanyar da lokoci.

Siffofin tsakiyar tana nuna farkon da suka haɗa shi. Karkashin iya-kwafi suna haɗa shi ne a kawo lisan iya-kwafi daga ƙasar zuwa ƙasa, da kalmomin turns ratios da suka dogara daga ƙasar zuwa ƙasa. Amma karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna haɗa shi ne a kiyaye harmonics wanda ke faru a cikin kawo lisan iya-kwafi. Tsakiyar ƙasa suna da muhimmanci suka zama misalai, kamar multiple branches ko delta connections, don kiyaye harmonics masu muhimmanci. Misali, ZHSFPT model daga wata sakandar suna da tsakiyar uku da phase-shift design don kiyaye 5th da 7th harmonic pollution a ƙasar.

Zabubuwan cuta suna nuna farkon da suka haɗa shi. Karkashin iya-kwafi suna haɗa shi ne a amfani da standard grain-oriented silicon steel don kawo lisan iya-kwafi ta hanyar da ita ce da kawo lisan iya-kwafi ta hanyar da ita ce. Amma karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya, wanda ke taimakawa non-sinusoidal currents, suna haɗa shi ne a amfani da high-permeability cold-rolled silicon steel; wasu models masu karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna haɗa shi ne a amfani da amorphous alloy cores. Bayanan labarin sun nuna cewa, a cikin wahala daban-daban, karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna da no-load losses 15%–20% da suka fiye saboda stress operational.

Yanayin aiki suna nuna farkon da suka haɗa shi. Karkashin iya-kwafi suna haɗa shi ne a yi aiki a cikin yanayin aiki masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C. Amma karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna haɗa shi ne a yi aiki a cikin yanayin aiki masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C. Misali, a cikin aluminum electrolysis plants, suna iya samun hanyoyi masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C. Bayanan labarin sun nuna cewa, a cikin aluminum electrolysis plants, suna iya samun hanyoyi masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C. Bayanan labarin sun nuna cewa, a cikin aluminum electrolysis plants, suna iya samun hanyoyi masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C. Bayanan labarin sun nuna cewa, a cikin aluminum electrolysis plants, suna iya samun hanyoyi masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C.

Abubuwan taimakawa suna nuna farkon da suka haɗa shi. Karkashin iya-kwafi suna haɗa shi ne a taimakawa lightning da moisture, musamman da IP23 rating. Amma karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya, wanda ke taimakawa a cikin yanayin aiki masu yawan da take da ƙaramin frequency ta ƙasar 50 Hz da yanayin aiki daga -25°C zuwa 40°C, suna haɗa shi ne a amfani da stainless steel enclosures da IP54. Wasu chemical plants suna haɗa shi ne a amfani da pressurized ventilation systems don kiyaye acid gas ingress.

Yanayin aiki suna nuna farkon da suka haɗa shi. Standard power transformers undergo core inspection every six years per national regulations. Amma bayanan labarin sun nuna cewa, a cikin continuous casting lines, karkashin iya-kwafi na nafsiya suna haɗa shi ne a yi seal replacement every two years da winding deformation tests every three years, saboda accelerated aging from stronger mechanical stresses under rectifying conditions.

Cost structures vary significantly. For a 1,000 kVA unit, a standard power transformer costs about 250,000 RMB, while a comparable rectifier transformer typically costs over 40% more. This stems from increased material usage due to complex winding structures and added harmonic suppression components. Production data from one factory show rectifier transformers use 18% more copper and 12% more silicon steel than equivalent power transformers.

Application scenarios are clearly distinct. Power transformers are ubiquitous in substations, residential areas, and commercial complexes, performing fundamental power distribution. Rectifier transformers serve specialized industries: rail transit traction substations, chlor-alkali plant electrolysis rooms, and PV station inverter systems. In renewable energy, for example, one solar farm deployed 24 rectifier transformers to invert DC from photovoltaic panels into grid-compatible AC.

Technical parameters also differ. Power transformers typically have short-circuit impedances of 4%–8%, optimized for system stability. Rectifier transformers require precise impedance calculation; design documents for one model specify 8.5% to limit fault current and ensure safe rectifier operation. Regarding temperature rise, power transformers limit top-oil temperature to 95°C, while rectifier transformers allow temporary peaks up to 105°C, as explicitly stated in technical specifications.

Energy efficiency standards diverge. Power transformers must comply with GB 20052 efficiency grades, with strict limits on no-load and load losses for Class I efficiency. Rectifier transformers are not yet covered by mandatory national efficiency standards, though leading manufacturers follow IEEE C57.18.10. Comparative test data show advanced rectifier transformers achieve 12% higher overall efficiency than conventional models, saving tens of thousands of RMB annually in electricity costs.

Selection depends heavily on application. For a residential distribution room, an SCB13 dry-type power transformer suffices. For an electroplating line, a rectifier transformer with a balancing reactor—like the ZHS series—is essential. A cautionary tale comes from an auto plant that mistakenly used a standard power transformer for electrophoretic coating, causing core saturation due to DC offset and resulting in winding burnout within three months.

Future trends are diverging. Power transformers are advancing toward intelligence, with many new models integrating online monitoring. Rectifier transformers continue breakthroughs in harmonic mitigation; one brand’s latest model uses dynamic voltage regulation to reduce input-side harmonic distortion from 28% to below 5%. These technological evolutions align closely with their respective application demands.