Bikaranîna Rectifier û Power Transformer Variations

Ferq dar Transformerên Rectifier û Transformerên Gewraşîn

Transformerên rectifier û transformerên gewraşîn hêsan ji famîlya transformeran, lê di derbarê serkarî û xasîyên werkerdî de bingehin. Transformeran ku herêm çendkirdiyên barzaniyên dabeşand wekheviya transformerên gewraşîn ne, lê yekan ku hêsan dikare ser karkhana yên electroplating û electrolysis şopandin wekheviya transformerên rectifier ne. Bihêzkirina ferqeyan bihêve hatine girîng kirina sê aspekt: prinsîp kerden, xasîyên strukturî û envîrmenta kerden.

Di navbera wan de, transformerên gewraşîn yekêniyan li ser guherandina astîfîna voltaj da. Mînace, wan jî berjewherandina generator ê ji 35 kV bi 220 kV virgirtin da bikaranîn, dema ku ji ber virgirtina dawî ya vêgerîn ji 220 kV bi 10 kV diguherînin. Ev transformeran wek wergîrên di sistemê de, têne li ser guherandina voltaj da pêkhatin. Herêmî, transformerên rectifier ji bo guherandina AC bi DC da dizayn kirin, mînace heye bi cihazên rectifying da re AC ji bo guherandina ji bo DC astîfîna xusî da bikaranîn. Mînace, di sisteman de metro traction, transformerên rectifier AC astîfîna şeşavdan ji bo 1,500 V DC diguherînin ji bo kerdena trainan.

Dizaynê strukturî ferqeyan zêdetir nîşan dide. Transformerên gewraşîn li ser guherandina rastîn îro voltaj da têne girîngkirin, bi ratîa hesabdarî yên rastîn yên windîngan ên hêviya û nuhêviya. Transformerên rectifier, lê divê bi harmonîkên ku di rêzikda rectification de dibexsin. Windîngan ên duvîyên wan mînace bi formatên xusî yên -wêchîn bi branch û connection delta- re bikaranîn da harmonîkên xusî yên destûr bikar înin. Mînace, model ZHSFPT ji wanê producer ên bi structure ên three-winding û phase-shift design re bikaranîn da 5th û 7th harmonic pollution ên grid ên efektî ye bikar înin.

Hilbijartina materialê core da yekêniyan li ser xebatên werkerdî da têne nîşan dide. Transformerên gewraşîn mînace bi silicon steel ên grain-oriented standard re bikaranîn da bi xebitîn ên kam û efektivîteya ber bi bike. Transformerên rectifier, ku di rojanîn non-sinusoidal da bikaranîn, mînace bi high-permeability cold-rolled silicon steel re bikaranîn; wan modelan ên guher power ên wan mînace bi amorphous alloy cores re bikaranîn. Data test show that, under the same capacity, rectifier transformers typically have 15%–20% higher no-load losses than power transformers due to their unique operational stresses.

Şertên operasyonel da bingehin. Transformerên gewraşîn bi load ên stabil da kerden, bi frequency ên şeşavdan ên 50 Hz û temperature ên ambient ên range from -25°C to 40°C. Transformerên rectifier di şertên complex de kerden: aluminum electrolysis plants may experience dozens of load fluctuations daily, with instantaneous current surges exceeding rated values by 30%. Field measurements from a smelter show that winding hotspot temperatures in rectifier transformers can spike from 70°C to 105°C during electrolyzer startup, demanding higher thermal stability from insulation materials.

Design ên protection da bingehin. Transformerên gewraşîn li ser protection lightning û moisture da têne girîngkirin, mînace bi IP23 rating re bikaranîn. Transformerên rectifier, ku hêsan di envîrmenta industrial ên bi gases corrosive re bikaranîn, bi enclosures ên stainless steel û levels ên protection ên higher re bikaranîn such as IP54. Some chemical plants even equip their rectifier transformers with pressurized ventilation systems to prevent acid gas ingress.

Cycles ên maintenance da bingehin. Standard power transformers undergo core inspection every six years per national regulations. However, maintenance records from a steel group reveal that rectifier transformers in continuous casting lines require seal replacement every two years and winding deformation tests every three years, due to accelerated aging from stronger mechanical stresses under rectifying conditions.

Structures ên cost da bingehin. For a 1,000 kVA unit, a standard power transformer costs about 250,000 RMB, while a comparable rectifier transformer typically costs over 40% more. This stems from increased material usage due to complex winding structures and added harmonic suppression components. Production data from one factory show rectifier transformers use 18% more copper and 12% more silicon steel than equivalent power transformers.

Scenarios ên application da bingehin. Power transformers are ubiquitous in substations, residential areas, and commercial complexes, performing fundamental power distribution. Rectifier transformers serve specialized industries: rail transit traction substations, chlor-alkali plant electrolysis rooms, and PV station inverter systems. In renewable energy, for example, one solar farm deployed 24 rectifier transformers to invert DC from photovoltaic panels into grid-compatible AC.

Parameters ên technical da bingehin. Power transformers typically have short-circuit impedances of 4%–8%, optimized for system stability. Rectifier transformers require precise impedance calculation; design documents for one model specify 8.5% to limit fault current and ensure safe rectifier operation. Regarding temperature rise, power transformers limit top-oil temperature to 95°C, while rectifier transformers allow temporary peaks up to 105°C, as explicitly stated in technical specifications.

Standards ên energy efficiency da bingehin. Power transformers must comply with GB 20052 efficiency grades, with strict limits on no-load and load losses for Class I efficiency. Rectifier transformers are not yet covered by mandatory national efficiency standards, though leading manufacturers follow IEEE C57.18.10. Comparative test data show advanced rectifier transformers achieve 12% higher overall efficiency than conventional models, saving tens of thousands of RMB annually in electricity costs.

Selection depends heavily on application. For a residential distribution room, an SCB13 dry-type power transformer suffices. For an electroplating line, a rectifier transformer with a balancing reactor—like the ZHS series—is essential. A cautionary tale comes from an auto plant that mistakenly used a standard power transformer for electrophoretic coating, causing core saturation due to DC offset and resulting in winding burnout within three months.

Trends ên future da bingehin. Power transformers are advancing toward intelligence, with many new models integrating online monitoring. Rectifier transformers continue breakthroughs in harmonic mitigation; one brand’s latest model uses dynamic voltage regulation to reduce input-side harmonic distortion from 28% to below 5%. These technological evolutions align closely with their respective application demands.