Furnace da Yadda Zafi

Electric Arc Furnace yana wani wurin da ta fiye da kuma yadda ake gina a cikin wannan wurin ya zama na tattalin jiki da ake amfani da shi don kawo kwalba daga cikin abubuwa masu iya kawo kwalba kamar kasuwanci mai zurfi bila da ake canza kayan aiki da ake amfani da shi.

A nan, tattalin jiki yana faruwa a bayan abubuwan elektrika. Wannan tattalin jiki yana amfani a cikin kawo kwalba na kayan aiki. Wurun tattalin jiki suna amfani a cikin kawo kwalba na batu da barazan na kasuwanci. Wurin elektrika yana cikin tsari na birnin tsafta. Aka da biyu ne na wurin elektrika. Suna nufin da aka amfani da AC (Alternating Current) da DC (Direct Current).

DC Electric Arc Furnace

Wurin tattalin jiki na DC yana da muhimmanci da ke sa a kan AC. A wurin tattalin jiki na DC, karamin elektrika yana faruwa daga cathode zuwa anode. Wannan wurin yana da abu elektronu mai tsari kawai da za a sanya a kusa da wurin. Anka son hanyar da ake amfani da ita don kawo anode a kusa da wurin na DC.

A takaice, anka son hanyar da ake amfani da abu metal mai tsari a kusa da wurin. Ana saukar da shi saboda yana da shiga. A takaice na biyu, anode yana da hanyar da ake amfani da C-MgO lining. Karamin elektrika yana faruwa zuwa Cu plate da ke faru a kusa da wurin. A nan, anka son hanyar da ake amfani da air don saukar da shi. A takaice na uku, abubuwan elektronu suna da hanyar da ake amfani da MgO mass. A takaice na hudu, anode yana da hanyar da ake amfani da dukkuka mai tsari. Dukkukan yana da hanyar da ake amfani da MgO mass.

Abubuwan Da Ke Sa Don Wurin Tattalin Jiki Na DC

• Kawo kwalba na abubuwan elektronu ta rage da 50%.

• Kawo kwalba yana da muhimmanci da ke sa a kan uniform.

• Kawo kwalba na karamin elektrika ta rage da 5% zuwa 10%.

• Flicker ta rage da 50%.

• Kawo kwalba na abubuwan refractory ta rage.

• Yana da kyau a yi nasara zuwa tsari na hearth.

AC electric Arc Furnace

A wurin tattalin jiki na AC, karamin elektrika yana faruwa a bayan abubuwan elektronu zuwa metal. A wurin yana da abubuwan elektronu uku da suka amfani a cikin cathode. Kasuwancin zurfi da ke faru a wurin yana da hanyar da ake amfani a cikin anode. Idan a lura da wurin tattalin jiki na DC, wurin yana da muhimmanci da ke sa a kan cost effective. Wurin yana da muhimmanci da ke sa a kan furnaces masu yawan.

Construction of Electric Arc Furnace

Kamar yadda ake bayyana, wurin elektrika yana da tsari mai yawa da ke amfani a cikin birnin tsafta. Yana nuna a figure 2.

Abubuwan da suka da muhimmanci a wurin elektrika sun hada da roof, hearth (tsakiyar wurin, inda yake faruwa kayan aiki), electrodes, da side walls. Roof yana da tsohon hore uku da ake amfani a cikin insertion na electrodes. Roof yana da alumina da magnesite-chromite bricks. Hearth yana da metal da slag. Tilting mechanism yana amfani a cikin pouring da kayan aiki da ke faru zuwa cradle. Retraction mechanism yana amfani a cikin removal na electrodes da charging (topping up scrap metals). Provision for fume extraction yana da muhimmanci a kan health na operators. A wurin tattalin jiki na AC, electrodes yana da uku. Su ne round in section. Graphite yana amfani a cikin electrodes saboda high electric conductivity. Carbon electrodes yana amfani a cikin. Electrodes positioning system yana amfani a cikin raising and lowering the electrodes automatically. Electrodes yana da shiga da oxidation idan current density yana da shiga.

Transformer: –
Transformer yana amfani a cikin providing electrical supply to the electrodes. Yana da muhimmanci a kan proximity to the furnace. Yana da protection. Rating of large electric arc furnace may be up to 60MVA.

Working Principle of Electrical Arc Furnace

The working of electric furnace includes charging the electrode, meltdown period (melting the metal) and refining. The heavy and light scrap in the large basket is preheated with the help of exhaust gas. For speeding up the slag formation, burnt lime and spar are added to it. The charging of furnace takes place by swinging the roof of the furnace. As per requirement, the hot metal charging also takes place.
Next is the meltdown period. The electrodes are moved down onto the scrap in this period. Then the arc is produced between the electrode and metal. By considering the protection aspect, low voltage is selected for this. After the arc is shielded by electrodes, the voltage is increased for speeding up the melting process. In this process, carbon, silicon, and manganese get oxidized. The lower current is required for large arc production. The heat loss is also less in this. Melting down process can be fastening by deep bathing of electrodes.
Refining process starts during melting. The removal of sulfur is not essential for single oxidizing slag practice. Only phosphorous removal is required in this. But in double slag practice, both (S and P) are to be removed. After the deoxidizing; in double slag practice, the removal of oxidizing slag is performed. Next, with the help of aluminum or ferromanganese or ferrosilicon, it gets deoxidized. When the bathing chemistry and required temperature is reached, the heat will get deoxidized. Then, the molten metal is ready for tapping.
For the cooling of the furnace, tubular pressure panels or hollow annulus spraying can be used.

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