Maimaituka na Kayayyakin Mafi Inganci don Tururukan Zabe-zaben Makarantun Kudin

A kan wanda naɗa a tattaunawa masu karkashin shiga tsakiyar kula da yanayi a zaben, yadda aka yi a ranar naɗa ya fi sani abubuwa ɗaya: idan mutane suna gane da hankali a zama mafi kyau, yana bukatar masu kuli mai yawa. Amma tare da yawan samun fahimta a kan tattalin arziki, tushen makarantun yanayi mai sarrafa (EV) ta shahara. Tsakiyoyin kula, a matsayin "ci gaba" na EV, ke jin dadin cewa za su iya yi aiki da adalci da keke. A cikin haka, aikin na a tattauna shine "yanayi" tsakiyoyin kula, don in tabbata cewa aikinta su duka daidai. Wannan aiki tana bukatar al'adun ƙaramin nuna da inganci.

1. Bayanin Tsakiyoyin Kula na Yanayi Mai Sarrafa: Tattalin Arziki Da Muhimmin Tattauna

Tattalin arziki na duniya tana da kayayyakin, tana amfani da tattalin arziki a binciken ƙarin. Tattalin arziki masu muhimmanci kamar petrol tana da takamarta a cikin gwamnati, tare da yawan samun gasolin da diesel tana ƙarin sama da yawan masu kuli. Daga ma'aikata lura da tattalin arziki, masu kuli mai yawa tana da yawan karshen bayan. Yanzu, masu kuli mai sarrafa da kuma masu kuli mai sarrafa da ba sa shi ba sun zama mafi yawa saboda babban da suka shiga da yawa, tare da tattalin kula tana "tufafuta" tare da hakan, tare da nau'o'in fanni da wasu wurare tana faruwa da kullum.

Daga raka tattauna, akwai nau'o'i masu muhimmanci na tattalin kula:

• Bisa Nau'o'i: Tsakiyoyin kula na AC (da ke amfani da tattalin kula na abinci don cin kawo) da DC chargers (da ke amfani da batiri da kula);

• Bisa Nau'o'i: Tsakiyoyin kula na floor-mounted da wall-mounted, da ake zaba da shi da kuma hanyar zaben;

• Bisa Nau'o'i: Tsakiyoyin kula na split-type da integrated, wanda ke iya haɓaka aiki da kuma karfi;

• Bisa Nau'o'i: Class 1 da Class 2, wanda ke nuna daidaitaccen cin kawo. Wannan nau'o'i tana da "karatu" wanda muna da shi kadan da kada a tattauna.

Tsakiyoyin kula na AC tana da ɗan "sakamakon" na AC power na tattalin kula na abinci: tsakiyoyin kula na single-phase tana da muhimmanci a cikin masu kuli mai sarrafa mai yawa, tare da lokaci na kula na 3-8 awa; tsakiyoyin kula na three-phase tana da muhimmanci a cikin masu kuli mai sarrafa mai yawa, tare da lokacin da ake kula 80% a cikin shekaru ɗaya. Bisa shekaru da suka tattauna, ana son ni cewa tattauna na tsakiyoyin kula tana da "jami'" - parametere kamar voltage, current, da frequency tana nuna abin da tsakiya tana da shi don kontrol, cin kawo, da kuma tattauna. Kuma, adalcin tsakiyoyin kula tana da muhimmanci - waɗannan tana iya haɓaka EV ba su iya yi aiki ba.

Amma, yadda ake tattauna yanzu tana da muhimmanci. Hanyar tattauna na lura, wanda ake amfani da battery, ba tana iya taimakawa da tattauna na kula, tare da yawan takamarta da kuma karfin tattauna. Wannan tana zama cewa muna da shi ne a tattauna masu kuli mai sarrafa, don in tabbata cewa tattauna su daidai da kuma tare da hakan, don in taimakawa tattalin arziki.

2. Hanyoyin Tattauna na Tsakiyoyin Kula na Yanayi Mai Sarrafa: Fasaha Daga Zaben
2.1 Cikakken Platform na Tattauna a Zaben
2.1.1 Hardware Platform

Platform na tattauna na automatic wanda muna amfani da shi tana da muhimmanci don tattauna na AC pile da kuma tana da interopability. Misali, a tattauna na three-phase 63A pile, AC power supply tana da 60kVA, tana shirya 0VAC-300VAC don in haka harmonics da kuma taimakawa grid. Single-phase independent loading, tare da kowane phase tana yi aiki a gaba, tana nuna abin da nonlinear charging modules da chargers tana da shi, tana shirya impact force twice the rated current. Wannan parametere tana da "karatu" tare da hakan, tana da shi kadan da kada a tattauna.

Tsakiyoyin kula tana da AC power supplies da kuma tana da muhimmanci don tattauna "disruptions" kamar harmonics da voltage sags a mains supply, tare da data na tsakiya tana da shi a cikin hukumar da na duniya. Pure resistive loads tana da shi don single-phase control, tare da tattauna na single-phase da three-phase piles.

A amfani da AC charging test interface don tattauna ground faults da switch logic, tare da power supplies da loads, muna iya fahimta compatibility bayan tsakiya da kuma EV, tare da tattauna effectiveness of protective actions. High-precision power meters tana cin kawo voltage da current data; 6.5-digit digital multimeter tana da shi a data acquisition card da 20 channels don simultaneous measurement. Signal gating devices tana amfani da oscilloscopes don tattauna switching signals, da kuma serial servers tana connect to industrial computers for real-time data exchange and reporting. Wannan hardware setup tana da "karatu" tare da hakan, tana da shi don tattauna daidai.

2.1.2 Testing Software

Software tana da muhimmanci don integration of various test data, centralized management of devices, programs, and reports, while ensuring data security. Software wanda muna amfani da shi tana da secondary programming interface, tare da tattauna masu zaben don adjust programs and process data.

Human-machine interface (HMI) tana da muhimmanci: parameter detection, dynamic display, operation control, and report generation, with online customization of interface effects. Client module tana communicate via data interfaces and control commands; control command module tana receive, execute, and verify commands, unifiedly managing device interfaces. If hardware changes, configurations are updated to simplify upgrades. Data module tana responsible for data collection, storage, and processing, separating parameter and result verification, and defining hardware configurations.

Muna da shi ne a software operation process: log in, select test items, adjust program commands in real-time, and send instructions to the control cabinet. After executing a project, view edit commands on the left and variables/reports on the right. Online monitoring allows adjustment of oscilloscopes and power analyzers; start testing, collect data, and save to a folder. This streamlined process significantly boosts testing efficiency.

2.2 Testing Items: Key Checkpoints for Frontline Testing
2.2.1 Inspection of Appearance and Structure

During each test, my first step is to check the charging pile’s casing and nameplate. The nameplate must be clear and complete, with proper safety protections in place, and free from rust or dust. “Hidden aspects” like the power supply, operating environment, electric shock protection, and electrical clearance must strictly comply with standards. The pile body must be clean, free of cracks and burrs, and have neatly arranged wiring. An emergency stop button is mandatory, allowing for immediate power cutoff in case of faults. The pile body must be durable, resistant to corrosion and high temperatures, and its internal components must be protected against water and rust. Overlooking any of these details could pose potential hazards.

2.2.2 Inspection of Indicators and Displays

Though small, indicators and displays are crucial! Verify their status during charging, faults, and operation: indicators should light up or flash during operation, remain steadily lit during normal power-on, stay lit (operation indicator) with the charging indicator turning off during charging, and show a steady operation indicator with a flashing fault indicator during overvoltage/overcurrent. They must also display real-time battery info, charging duration, voltage, and current, with fault warnings and manual records. Malfunctions in these functions leave drivers unable to assess the pile’s status.

2.2.3 Functional Testing

During automatic or manual testing, BMS data must be used to adjust charging parameters, ensuring charging quality. Before manual operation, parameters are set, devices installed, and output voltage/current limits monitored in real-time. If the voltage exceeds limits during constant current operation, switch to constant voltage; if the current exceeds limits during constant voltage operation, limit the current; in case of abnormal AC voltage, shut down immediately. These logics are “hard rules” for ensuring charging safety.

2.2.4 Measurement Function Testing

Measurement is the “heart” of charging piles, involving tests for operation error, indication error, payment error, and clock error. When the load current is between maximum and minimum, Class 1 piles must have an error ≤±1%, Class 2 ≤±2%; payment amounts must align with unit price and energy consumption; clock error must not exceed 5 seconds for the first test, with a 3-minute testing duration. These precision requirements directly impact user costs and charging experience.

3. Application Examples of On-Site Testing for Electric Vehicle Charging Piles: Frontline Battle Records
3.1 Actual Pile and Load Testing
3.1.1 Testing Object

To validate testing methods, I selected a DC pile at a charging station, focusing on its load performance — frontline testing demands “real-world verification” to truly understand performance.

3.1.2 Testing Conclusions

Taking Pile No. 1 as an example, tests revealed:

• When output voltage deviated, the constant current was 60A;

• When output current deviated, the constant voltage was 400V;

• The voltage-time graph met circuit control requirements.

This test combined AC and DC side measurements, enabling the charger to operate under load, maintaining constant voltage stability. With an input voltage of 500V, load current was optimized, and power was measured in real-time — this comprehensive approach thoroughly assessed the pile’s performance.

3.2 Testing Issues and Improvements: Frontline Challenges and Solutions

• Equipment Issues: Testing devices can display communication messages but fail to generate standardized protocol consistency reports, reducing efficiency; difficulty in achieving constant voltage/current; low integration and portability, with bulky resistive loads.

Solution: My team and I added protocol consistency reporting to devices, introduced constant voltage/current modes, and pushed for device integration — frontline testers must proactively solve these “bottlenecks”.

• Protocol Update Issues: Some piles update communication protocols to international standards, making testing with old standards inaccurate. Testing platforms must support both old and new standards — we must keep pace with industry updates.

• Inadequate Testing Content: Wireless communication interference during human-machine/network interaction disrupts the EV-to-network APP connection; manual restarts resolve pile faults, requiring core product fault analysis.

Solution: Testing platforms must include these scenarios, evaluating wireless communication stability and fault self-recovery — frontline issues must be exposed and resolved during testing.

4. Conclusion: A Frontline Tester’s Aspirations for the Industry

Electric vehicles rely on charging piles for “energy”. To ensure charging piles are reliable and durable, efficient supervision and inspection systems are essential. As frontline testers, we work closely with piles daily, hoping to identify performance and safety issues through real-time testing and implement practical solutions, ensuring the new energy vehicle industry thrives. Industry progress hinges on solid work, and we testers must “hold the line” in this critical link.