Transformer Component Lifespan | -Optimize Maintenance Schedules Pamaagi sa Pana nga mga Komponente sa Transformer | -Pag-ayo sa mga Skedyul sa Pagpapanalipod

Ang mga komponente nga vulnerable sa usa ka transformer ug ang ilang mga cycle sa pagbag-o kinahanglan ma-determine comprehensively batas sa mga factor sama sa tipo sa transformer, operating environment, load conditions, ug manufacturing processes.

Common Vulnerable Components in Oil-Immersed Transformers

Ang oil-immersed transformers nagsalig sa insulating oil aron sa heat dissipation ug insulation. Ang ilang core components naggamit sa core, windings, insulation system, cooling system, ug accessories. Ang mga vulnerable parts mahimong molukob sa cooling system, insulation materials, seals, ug auxiliary devices.

1. Cooling System Components

• Submersible Oil Pumps: Nag-drive sa circulation sa insulating oil aron sa cooling. Ang long-term high load o frequent start-stop cycles makapadako og bearing wear ug motor aging.
  Replacement Cycle: Mas o menos 5–8 tuig sa normal operation; mahimo mapugos sa 3–5 tuig sa high operating temperatures o frequent overloads.

• Cooling Fans: Nagsuporta sa heat dissipation. Ang motor bearings ug fan blades prone sa failure tungod sa dust accumulation o aging.
  Replacement Cycle: 3–6 tuig.

• Radiators/Heat Dissipation Fins: Ang pipes sa natural o forced oil circulation radiators mahimo mopuno og oil sludge o mag-develop og leaks tungod sa corrosion.
  Replacement Cycle: Walay replacement needed kon walay leakage; partial replacement mahimo gipangayo every 5–10 tuig kon severe corrosion occurs.

2. Insulation Materials

• Insulating Oil: Nag-perform sa insulation ug cooling functions. Ang performance mogawas sa panahon tungod sa oxidation ug intrusion sa moisture o impurities.
  Replacement Cycle: Test every 3–5 tuig sa normal operation; filtration o replacement required kon ang parameters exceed limits; immediate replacement necessary para sa severe degradation.

• Insulating Paper/Pressboard: Insulation tali sa windings ug core, primarily fails tungod sa thermal o electrical aging.
  Replacement Cycle: Design life typically 20–30 tuig; mahimo mapugos sa 5–10 tuig kon operated sa prolonged high temperatures.

3. Seals

• Gaskets/Sealing Rings: Sealing components sa tank, valve, ug bushing locations. Prone sa aging ug cracking tungod sa prolonged oil pressure ug temperature fluctuations, leading sa oil leaks.
  Replacement Cycle: Inspect every 2–3 tuig kon walay leakage; replace immediately kon detect sa seepage.

4. On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC)

• Core components include the diverter switch, selector switch, ug electric drive mechanism. Frequent switching causes contact wear ug oil degradation.
  Replacement Cycle:

• Contacts: Mechanical life mas o menos 1–2 million operations;

• Insulating Oil: Test every 1–2 tuig; replace kon degraded;

• Entire Unit: Replace kon switching exceeds design limits o kon jamming o abnormal discharge occurs.

5. Other Accessories

• Pressure Relief Valve: Protects against internal overpressure. The diaphragm may fail tungod sa aging o frequent activation.
  Replacement Cycle: Inspect every 5–8 tuig; replace diaphragm kon aged.

• Gas Relay (Buchholz Relay): Detects internal faults. May fail tungod sa oil sludge blockage o contact oxidation sa panahon.
  Replacement Cycle: Calibrate o replace every 3–5 tuig.

Common Vulnerable Components in Dry-Type Transformers

Dry-type transformers walay insulating oil ug nagsalig sa air o resin insulation. Ang vulnerable components primarily insulation materials, cooling fans, ug connection parts.

1. Insulation Materials

• Epoxy Resin/Glass Fiber: Gisagol sa winding encapsulation. Long-term high temperature o partial discharge makapadako og resin cracking ug carbonization.
  Replacement Cycle: Design life 20–30 tuig; insulation defects mahimo mopakita 5–10 tuig earlier kon frequent overloads o high humidity.

2. Cooling Fans

• Enhance heat dissipation. Motor bearings ug blades prone sa aging.
  Replacement Cycle: 3–5 tuig.

3. Winding Connection Terminals

• High/low-voltage terminals mahimo mopadako og oxidation o loosening tungod sa current heating, increasing contact resistance ug overheating.
  Replacement Cycle: Inspect ug tighten every 3–5 tuig kon walay overheating; replace immediately kon signs of burning present.

4. Temperature Sensors/Thermostats

• Monitor winding temperature. Mahimo mopadako og false alarms tungod sa wiring aging o sensor failure sa panahon.
  Replacement Cycle: Calibrate every 2–3 tuig; replace when faulty.

Key Factors Affecting Replacement Cycles

• Operating Environment: High temperature, humidity, dust, o corrosive gases accelerate insulation aging ug metal corrosion.

• Load Conditions: Prolonged overloading o frequent shock loads increase hot-spot temperatures ug mechanical stress sa windings.

• Maintenance Level: Regular oil chromatography analysis, infrared thermography, ug cleaning sa cooling systems can extend component life; neglecting inspections mahimo mogawas sa hidden issues to escalate.

Replacement of vulnerable transformer components should be based on condition monitoring, combined with periodic testing and operational data, rather than strictly adhering to fixed intervals. For critical components, it is recommended to engage professional organizations for condition assessment to avoid unnecessary downtime or excessive maintenance.