Ko'ina Da Kiyasin Yadda Ake Iya Bincike Wani Abin Doka Da Gida Na Zabi Ko Kaɗanta: Adadin Ƙarin Da Ƙarin

Yadda zan iya kula da fayiyar gurbin da ya kwallace ko ya hauka?

Amsa:

Kula da Farkon Gurbincin Da Ya Kwallace:

• A cikin lokaci mai yawa, baka wani karatu zuwa masu tattalin arziki don in tsara da gurbin da ya kwallace da shi da sabbin gurbin. Idan ba a da gurbin da za su duka, ana iya amfani da painti ko resin epoxy don in kula da farkon gurbin don in bane ma sauya abinci, kuma in tsara da shi da sana'ar da ita.

• A cikin lokacin ranar, idan mumkin ce, ba a yi magance gurbin daga sharhi, tabbataccen bayan ya faru. Idan an yi flashover amma ban da grounding, kuma a cikin halin da mumkin ce, gurbin ya faru da ita.

Kula da Haukan Gurbin:

• Idan ba a da grounding, bayan an yi ranar, kula da disconnect switches, gurbin da ya faru da ita, kuma in tsara da shi.

• Idan a da grounding, ya kamata a kawo power ta musu, kafin in tsara da gurbin. Ba a faɗa a yi isoloci na gurbin da ya faru da disconnect switch.

Me koyaya mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ke kula da matsaloli?

Amsa:

• In kula da hankali kan matsalolin, in bane muhimmin abubuwan da suka haifar da shi, kuma in bane sakamakon da suke shiga mutum da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su.

• In daidaita a yi amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su har da sadarwa, don in tabbatar da cikakken sarrafa karamin ruwa da kuma amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su.

• In kula da jirgin ruwa ga masu amfani da karamin ruwa, musamman ga masu amfani da security power.

Mehodun da ake ke neman matsalolin na DC ground fault?

Amsa: Daga bincike da takardar, amfani da metodi na sectionalizing (loop-opening) a nan: signal da lighting circuits, kafin control circuits, da kuma outdoor circuits, kafin indoor circuits. Mehedun sun hada da:

• Tabbatar da cewa matsalolin na ground fault yana cikin control system ko signaling system.

• Bincika signal da lighting circuits.

• Bincika control da protection circuits.

• Tartibin kula da fuses: Don positive-ground faults, kula da (+) kafin (-); a nan kuma in kula da (-) kafin (+).

Me koyaya mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ke bincika transformer bayan trip?

Amsa:

• Daga yanayin tripping na circuit breaker, indicators ko signals na protection operation, data na event recorder (SCADA system), da kuma records na monitoring device, tabbatar da cewa trip yana cikin matsalolin na transformer, kuma tattauna masu tattalin arziki.

• Bincika load, oil level, oil temperature, da oil color a nan bayan trip; bincika oil spraying, smoking, porcelain insulator flashover ko rupture, pressure relief valve operation, da kuma presence of gas in the Buchholz relay.
  Bincika cewa station power transfer da systems na DC sun yi aiki da kyau.

• Idan an da biyu na main transformers, bincika cooling system na transformer na biyu, kuma duba hankalin load.

• Analisishe waveform na fault recording da printed report na microprocessor-based protection system.

• Bincika halin system, kamar cewa short circuits ko wasu matsaloli sun faru a nan cikin protected zone ko waje.

Idan a samu wasu abubuwan, trip yana cikin matsalolin na internal transformer. Transformer ya faru da ita bayan a bane matsalolin, kuma tabbatar da cewa an bane shi da electrical testing, chromatographic analysis, da kuma wasu targeted tests:

• Gas collected from the Buchholz relay is flammable.

• Obvious internal fault signs are present, such as tank deformation, severe oil spraying, or abnormal oil level.

• Clear flashover marks, damage, or breakage are evident on the bushings.

• Two or more protection devices (e.g., differential, Buchholz, pressure) have operated.

A cikin 10kV single-bus system, idan a faru single-phase ground fault, kuma indikator na grounding yana faru bayan a yi testing da de-energizing line by line, mehodun da za su faru?

Amsa:

• Biye da biyu na lines sun faru a nan phase na biyu.

• Grounding fault yana cikin equipment na station bus.

Mehodun da ake ke kula da matsaloli?

Amsa: A lokacin da matsalolin na power system yana faru, masu aiki suna kula da shi a nan cikin command na masu tattalin arziki, kuma suna daidaita a yi waɗannan mehedun:

• Amfani da "Electric Power Safety Work Regulations," dispatching regulations, site operating procedures, da kuma wasu safety regulations; dogara instructions na dispatch.

• Idan ba a da sakamako a cikin mutum ko abubuwan, in daidaita a yi amfani da abubuwan; ba a faɗa a kawo power ta abubuwan. Idan a da sakamako, in daidaita a bane shi. Idan sakamakon ya zama mafi yawa, in kawo power ta abubuwan.

• A lokacin kula da matsaloli, faru backup equipment, kuma yi wasu abubuwan don in bane abubuwan da ba suka faru, tabbatar da cewa suke yi aiki da kyau, kuma in bane matsalolin tare da shi.

• Daidaita a yi amfani da station service power. Idan system ko abubuwan sun faru a nan cikin station power outage, kula da shi kafin in faru station power, tabbatar da cewa an faru shi.

• A lokacin kula da matsaloli, amfani da current operating mode, weather, work status, actions na relay protection and automatic device, alarm signals, event printing, meter indications, da kuma status na abubuwan, don in tabbatar da nature da sakamakon na matsaloli.

• In kula da jirgin ruwa ga masu amfani da karamin ruwa, musamman ga masu amfani da security power.

• Idan ba a da iya bane damage na abubuwan, tattauna masu tattalin arziki. Idan maintenance personnel ba suka faru, yi safety measures.

• A lokacin kula da matsaloli, tattauna masu tattalin arziki, kuma in tattauna progress na handling.

• Rukunta process na kula da matsaloli, kuma logga shi a nan operation log, accident/obstacle, da kuma circuit breaker trip records. Shift supervisor ya faru experienced operators don in faru on-site accident handling report.

• Idan ba a daidaita a yi tests ko inspections na maintenance personnel, masu aiki ba su iya reset relay protection trip indicators, don in professionals yi analysis na incident.

Me koyaya mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ke daidaita a yi amfani da capacitor?

Amsa:

• Operating voltage ba zai iya fi 10% na rated voltage; unbalanced current ba zai iya fi 5% na rated current.

• In kawo power ta idan an samu casing expansion, severe oil leakage, internal noise, ko external sparks.

• Temperature a nan capacitor room ba zai iya fi 40°C.

• Ba a faɗa a force-energize bayan operation na protection.

• Capacitors must be fully discharged before closing.

• Casing grounding must be good; inspect the discharge circuit and discharge resistors monthly to ensure they are intact.

Me koyaya mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ke kula da complete failure of transformer coolers?

Amsa: A cikin transformers na biyu, complete cooler failure zai iya haifar da tripping ko forced load reduction. Wannan zai faru saboda failure na cooler power supply ko automatic switching circuit, wanda ke faru "Cooler Failure" alarm. Idan ba a daidaita a yi repair cooler system a nan 20 minutes, ko oil temperature ta fito setpoint (varies by manufacturer), transformer zai faru automatically.

Symptoms of failure:

• Oil temperature rises rapidly, with a noticeable change in the transformer temperature curve.

• The indicator light for fan operation goes out.

• Some failures are accompanied by signals such as "Power Supply Lost" or "Cooler Fault."

Inspection:

• Check if the power indicator in the cooler control box is off, to determine if the power supply has failed or malfunctioned.

• Verify the position of each small circuit breaker in the control box to determine if a thermal relay has operated.

• Check for abnormalities in the cable heads to determine if a thermal relay has operated.

• Check if the power fuse for the cooler in the station distribution room is blown or if the cable head is burned or broken.

• Check if the position of the automatic transfer switch for the standby power supply is normal, to determine if the standby power has successfully switched.

Handling:

• Promptly report to dispatch and closely monitor the transformer's top oil temperature.

• If both power sources are lost or faulty, immediately attempt to restore power.

• If one power source is lost or faulty and the standby power fails to auto-transfer, check if the standby power is normal. If so, manually close the standby power switch on site.

• When a cable head burnout causes cooler shutdown, directly open the faulty power switch in the station distribution room. If the standby power fails to auto-transfer, manually close the standby power switch on site.

• If the main power switch trips and the standby power fails to auto-transfer, manually close the standby power switch. If it trips again, this indicates an obvious fault in the common control circuit. Emergency measures (e.g., closing an emergency power switch or temporarily connecting a power line to bypass the faulty section) should be taken.

• If a control circuit small switch trips, it may be tested once. If it trips again, this indicates an obvious fault in the control circuit; handle as described above.

• If the automatic transfer circuit for the standby power or the power input control circuit is faulty, switch to manual control to engage the standby power or directly manually close the power switch.

• If the fault cannot be resolved quickly and the cooler cannot be restored before the transformer trips, prepare to engage the standby transformer or transfer the load.

• If the cooler failure duration approaches the specified limit (20 minutes), and there is no standby transformer or the standby cannot carry the full load, and the top oil temperature has not reached 75°C (for transformers with complete cooler failure), the trip circuit link may be temporarily removed with dispatch approval to continue troubleshooting and restore cooler operation, while closely monitoring the oil temperature. For trip circuits with a temperature interlock (75°C) contact, the trip link must not be removed. If the top oil temperature rises to 75°C, or if it remains below 75°C but the cooler failure has lasted one hour without resolution, engage the standby transformer, transfer the load, and take the faulty transformer out of service.

Me koyaya mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ke kula da tripped capacitor circuit breaker?

Amsa: Bayan capacitor circuit breaker trips, ba a faɗa a yi forced re-energizing. Operator must check the protection operation status and sequentially inspect the circuit breaker, current transformer, power cable, and capacitors for explosion, severe overheating, bulging, oil spraying, melted connections, or bushing discharge marks. If none of these conditions are found, the trip may have been caused by bus voltage fluctuations. After inspection, power may be restored. Otherwise, a comprehensive power-on test of the protection system and a characteristic test of the current transformer should be performed. If the cause still cannot be identified, the capacitor bank must be disassembled and each capacitor tested individually. Power must not be restored until the cause is identified.

Me koyaya mafi yawan abubuwan da ake ke kula da circuit breaker with trip lockout?

Amsa: First, check the cause of the trip lockout, then proceed with handling.

Causes of trip lockout:

• Operating mechanism pressure drops to trip lockout level.

• Trip spring not charged.

• Medium pressure drops to the trip and close lockout level.

Handling methods:

• If caused by loss of oil pump motor power, check the three-phase AC power supply with a multimeter, reset the thermal relay, and allow the motor to pressurize to normal. If the motor is burned out or there is a mechanism issue, notify maintenance personnel.

• If the spring mechanism is not charged, check if its power supply is intact. If it is a mechanism issue, notify maintenance personnel.

• If the arc-quenching medium pressure drops to the close lockout value, disconnect the circuit breaker trip power supply and notify maintenance personnel to refill the medium.

• If the mechanism pressure drops to trip lockout and cannot be restored after inspection, handle as follows:

• Disconnect the trip power supply miniature circuit breaker or remove the trip power fuse.

• Deactivate single-phase reclosing.

• Remove the oil pump power fuse or disconnect the oil pump power miniature circuit breaker (using hydraulic mechanism as an example).

• For a 220kV circuit breaker fault, use a bypass circuit breaker to carry the load (note: after paralleling the two circuit breakers, disconnect the bypass circuit breaker's trip power supply, open the isolating switches on both sides of the faulty circuit breaker, and after operation, reconnect the bypass trip power miniature circuit breaker).

• For a 220kV system without a bypass circuit breaker, change the operating mode and use the bus tie circuit breaker to carry the faulty circuit breaker.

• For a faulty circuit breaker in a 3/2 connection bus operating in a ring network, isolate it using isolating switches on both sides.

• For a bus tie circuit breaker, close the bus isolating switches on both sides of a certain element, then open the isolating switches on both sides of the bus tie circuit breaker.

• If a control circuit fault exists, focus on checking the trip coil, phase-operated control box relay, and circuit breaker control handle. After identifying the fault, notify maintenance personnel.

• If auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker have poor contact, notify maintenance personnel.

• If the "Remote-Local" selector switch is in the "Local" position, move it to the correct position. If auxiliary contacts have poor contact, notify maintenance personnel.

• If the trip power supply is abnormal or not engaged, restore it as soon as possible.