Karamin Yadda a Gano Tashin Faduwar Da Take Samu na Karamin Poles: Jerin Nemanin Kaɗan

Na'am, kadan daɗi, wani Oliver Watts ne. An yi aiki na fuskantar, tsafta, da yanayin hanyar zuwa biyu a shekaru daga zamani, musamman a cikin yanki amma kuma a makarantun. An samu shanen da suka fi zama, da suka fi bai, da kuma... ya kamata a ce "mai ma'ana" su. Saboda haka, idan an yi hada a kan rubuta mai karatu mai gaba-gaban da ake sa a cikin zafi – ya kamata, wani da za a iya yi aikinta a lokacin da ci gine a kan jirgin zafi – ba wasu a yi aiki na nuna kawai ko a yi addinin Allah. Amsa, muna da jerin abubuwa, aiki na tsarin. Koyar da wannan haka daidai domin a yi aiki na kafin ake fara ko ake gina. Ina bayyana abubuwan da na ke neman.

1. Tushen Daɗi & Abubuwan Da Su Kaɗan (Nunan & Tsarin Nuna)

Wannan shine ƙarin, kowane lokaci. Zan iya tabbatar da mutum ya ƙara maka domin a iya samun abubuwan da ba ake so ina samu ba saboda nunan.

• Zanfari? Kwakwalwa, kwarin da suka fi zama a kan insulatanta? Wannan fiberglass ko porcelainta shine muhimmin abubuwan da suke magance. Yawanci da suka fito? Game over, kadan. An rufe. Kuma bayyana kayan aiki – akwai kisan da suka fito ko alamun da suka rufe?

• Tsakiyar & Tsohon Kayan Aiki? Ina yi aiki na kafin kofin kofin, kofin kofin, kofin kofin da karamin kayan aiki. Kayan aiki da suka fito ba shi ne, musamman a cikin zafi da suka dogara ta hawa. Ya kamata a duba cewa duk shi ana da tsakiyar da tsohon kayan aiki.

• Aiki na Tsohon Kayan Aiki (Aiki na Rike): Idan ban yi aiki na kasa, ina yi aiki na kafin kofin kofin – a buƙe, a kofin, a buƙe, a kofin. Ana da kyau? Ko ana da kwalliya, ko ana da kiyasin, ko ana da kofin kofin? Wannan mekanisimintar da kayan aiki na kofin kofin ya kamata a yi aiki da kiyasin. Akwai kiyasi ko kwalliya? Alama. Ina yi aiki na gaba a kan mekanisimintar.

• Sigilantoci & Gaskets: Musamman idan shi ne wani SF6 (amna ba a gaba-gabansa ba, amma kafin ake iya), ina yi aiki na sigilantoci da gaskiti da kiyaye. Akwai alama da suka fito, da suka fi zama, ko da suka fito? Ingirin ruwa ba shi ne da suke magance abubuwan da suke tsakiyar.

2. Zuciya Elektro (Tsarin Elektro)

Na'am, idan an yi aiki na funtua da kayan aiki. Wannan shine inda a yi aiki na kudan da za a iya haɓaka.

• Rasistance na Insulatanta (Megger Test): Wannan shine muhimmanci. Ina amfani da megohmmeter (Megger) don zama DC voltage (kafin 1000V ko 2500V DC) a kan fasu da fasu da kuma a kan fasu da tsakiyar. Muna neman megaohms, kadan – idan a lura masu hundred da kuma thousand megaohms. Reading da suka fi kala? Wannan na nufin maye, kontaminasi, ko kisan da suka fito. Ba shi ne. Wannan test ya nuna cewa insulatanta (da suke magance, da suke magance) za a iya yi aikinta da kiyasin.

• Contact Resistance (DLRO Test): Wannan shine waktar micro-ohmmeter (ko kuma DLRO). Ina neman rasistance a kan main contacts. Saboda haka? Idan akwai kiyasi da kuma kiyasi, ko kuma kiyasi, ko kuma kiyasi, za a iya samun rasistance mai kala. Rasistance mai kala na nufin hoton, da hoton na nufin failure. Ina karkashin reading da spec na mai sarrafa – ya kamata a duba cewa shi ana da kiyaye, kafin a nan micro-ohm range. Idan wata fasu na rasistance mai kala da wasu? Wannan shine problem.

• Primary Injection Test (High Current Test): Wannan shine babban wata. Ina pumpa AC current mai kala (wayar da normal operating current, amma kafin a nan rating) a kan main contacts a lokacin da breaker an kofin. Ina neman drop voltage a kan contacts da DLRO. Wannan ya nuna contact resistance a lokacin da load conditions mai kala da kuma ya nuna integrity of the entire primary current path. Wannan shine stress test mai kala.

• Secondary Injection Test (Protection Testing): Idan an yi aiki na brain – controller and sensors. Ina simulate fault currents and voltages directly into the controller's input terminals (the secondary side of the CTs/VTs). Does the controller correctly detect the simulated overcurrent, short circuit, or earth fault? Does it send the trip signal at exactly the right time and current level according to its settings? This verifies the entire protection logic is working perfectly. I test all the protection functions it has.

• Control Circuit Checks: Simple but vital. I verify the control power (usually 24V, 48V, or 110V DC/AC) is present and correct. I test the closing coil and the tripping coil. Do they operate reliably when commanded? I measure their resistance – a dead coil will show infinite resistance (open circuit) or zero (short circuit). I also check auxiliary contacts (the ones that signal "open" or "closed" status) to ensure they change state correctly.

3. The Real-World Simulation (Functional & Performance Tests)

This is where we see if it can actually perform its core job.

• Timing Tests: Using a breaker analyzer, I connect it to the trip/close coils and the main contacts. When I send a trip command, how long does it actually take for the contacts to fully open? Same for closing. These times (especially the opening time for fault clearing) are critical and must be within the manufacturer's specified range. A slow trip can mean catastrophic damage downstream.

• Trip & Close Operation: I command the breaker to trip and close multiple times using the controller or local commands. Does it do it every single time, reliably? No hesitations, no partial operations? This tests the whole sequence under electrical load (if primary injection is also running) or just the control power.

• Interlocking Checks (if applicable): Some breakers have mechanical or electrical interlocks (e.g., preventing closing if grounded). I verify these safety features work as designed.

4. The Final Hurdle (Environmental & Final Checks)

• Nameplate Verification: Does the nameplate match the order? Voltage, current rating, short-circuit breaking capacity (Ics, Icu), serial number – everything needs to be correct and legible.

• Documentation Review: Is the test report complete? Does it include all the data from the tests above? Are the results within acceptable limits? No paperwork, no go.

• Final Visual: One last once-over after all the testing. Any damage caused during testing? Everything still looks good?

The Bottom Line:

Look, a qualified breaker isn't just one that turns on. It's one that's been put through the wringer – visually inspected, electrically stressed, functionally proven, and documented. It's about confidence. When that breaker is hanging 30 feet in the air and a fault hits, the utility and the public need to know, without a shadow of a doubt, that it's going to open fast and safely. That's what this whole testing process is for. It's not glamorous, but it's absolutely essential. That's how we keep the lights on, safely. This is Oliver Watts, signing off.