Ang synchronous motor usa ka AC motor nga nagoperasyon sa konstante nga bilis nga gipasabot pinaagi sa frequency sa power supply ug ang numero sa poles. Ang mga synchronous motors, kuyog sa mga induction motors, nagoperasyon sa synchronous speed nganong walay slip.
Ang mga synchronous motors gigamit sa pipila ka aplikasyon, kasama na ang
Industrial drives,
Power generation
Power factor correction synchronous condensers, ug
Precise motion control systems.
Ang mga synchronous motors sustain synchronism tungod kay ang rotor nagroto (rotation) sa sama ra nga rate sa stator’s rotating magnetic field.
Ang synchronous motor’s speed proportional sa frequency sa power source ug inversely proportional sa numero sa poles sa motor.
Tungod sa ilang set nga synchronous speed characteristics, ang mga synchronous motors mas less efficient sa pag-handle sa varying loads kaysa sa mga induction motors.
Kon ang synchronous motor mawala ang synchronism sa power source, ito mawala ang pag-operate efficiently ug mahimong kinahanglan i-re-synchronize bago makabalik og operasyon.
Ang mga auxiliary devices sama sa damper windings (or) starting motors adunay common nga gigamit aron mopadako ang mga synchronous motors hangtod sa synchronous speed prior sa pag-sync sa power source.
Sa pag-compare sa mga induction motors, ang mga synchronous motors provide greater
Power factor correction,
Higher efficiency under constant load, ug
Precision speed control.
Arin ang mga synchronous motors need external control systems sama sa variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Ang synchronous motor is made up of a stator, a rotor, an excitation system, ug, in some conditions, a damper winding or a starting mechanism.
Ang excitation system generates a magnetic field by supplying direct current to rotor windings.
This field synchronizes with the rotating magnetic field of the stator, allowing motor to run at a synchronous speed.
Synchronous motors, on the other end, rely on the excitation system to provide the magnetic field required for synchronism with stator field.
Adunay duha ka types:
DC excitation systems – which use DC power to power the rotor, ug
Permanent magnet excitation systems – which use permanent magnets in the rotor to generate the magnetic field.
By adjusting the excitation current, synchronous motors can modify their power factor.
The power factor of the motor can be improved or corrected by altering the excitation.
The damper winding assists the motor in starting by allowing for some early slip prior to attaining synchronous speed.
It also assists in the motor’s stability amid unexpected load fluctuations.
Synchronous motors normally function at synchronous rates and may not be the best solution for applications demanding high torque at low speeds unless additional gearing (or) modifications are used.
In synchronous motors, speed regulation frequently involves managing the excitation (or) modifying frequency of power supply via variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Synchronous reluctance motors utilize the reluctance torque principle & feature a simplified rotor shape without windings or magnets. When compared to typical synchronous motors, they have the potential for improved efficiency and simpler construction.
Because of its capacity to maintain synchronism with the power source, synchronous motors are functioning above synchronous speed can operate as generators, transforming the mechanical energy into the electrical energy.
The RPM formula for synchronous speed is
Synchronous Motor Speed (RPM) = (120 X Frequency) / Number of Poles
Synchronous Motor Speed (RPM) = (120 X f)/P
The number of poles in synchronous motor is governed by the motor’s design and construction. It is a fixed feature that the manufacturer specifies.
In applications requiring consistent speed and excellent efficiency, such as
Industrial pumps,
Compressors, fans, ug
Certain types of industrial machinery,
Synchronous motors
are chosen.
The load angle is the angular difference between the magnetic fields of the stator and the rotor.
Proper load angle adjustment is critical for the motor’s efficiency and synchronism.
Synchronous motors, known as synchronous condensers, can function in driving mode while also generating electrical power to grid as generators in specific conditions.
To minimize hunting or instability in synchronous motors, several control systems and stabilizing technologies, such as
Automated Voltage Regulators (AVRs) &
Power System Stabilizers (PSSs),
are employed.
Optimizing excitation control system effects the efficiency, stability, and reaction to varying loads of the motor, as well as its power factor.
The
Required speed,
Torque characteristics,
Power factor requirements,
Efficiency, ug
Capacity to control the motor’s operation
are all important considerations for choosing the right synchronous motor.