Muhimmiyar Jagorancin Turanci, Kyakkyawan Zafi da Tatsuniyoyi na Yakarwa don RMUs Masu Kula Tsari
1. Tasharadda Doka da Kungiyoyi
Tasharadda doka tana tabbatar da masu rai na kimiyya da ke zama bayan gida ta hanyar IEC 62271-200 da GB/T 3906, kuma yana da:
Ingancin Ingantaccen: Don RMUs na 12kV, inganta darajar ta wakar jiki ya fi 42kV (1 min) don lissafi mai ban sha'awa da 48kV don breakers. Inganta darajar ta wakar ra'ayi ya fi 75kV (lissafin 12kV) ko 125kV (lissafin 24kV), da 15 tsarin ra'ayi (1.2/50μs) har zuwa. Ingancin cikin maza ya fi ≤10pC a 1.2× darajar ta wakar da aka baka—mai karfi da SF₆ units saboda ingancin maza mai karfi na eco-gases (misali, nitrogen, ~1/3 of SF₆). Teston ingancin gas, sama da tattara "hump phenomenon" a nitrogen, suna buƙata.
Ingancin Muhimmanci: Breakers suna buƙata 5,000 waɗannan tushen, isolators ≥2,000. Muhimman muhimmanci (timing, speed, synchronicity) suna ci gaba. Teston arc cikin ya fi buƙata 20–50kA don 0.1–1s, da pressure cikin ≤50kPa da integritas enclosure ya ci gaba. IP67-level protection an yi tattaunawa da double EPDM seals da stainless steel.
Ingancin Tsari: Temperature/humidity cycling (40°C/93%RH don 56 days) ya haifi ɗaya ɗaya 50%. Salt spray testing (IEC 60068-2-52) ya buƙata 500 hours da corrosion <0.1μm/year. Operation a wurare mai yawa (1,000–1,800m) ya buƙata 5–15% derating kowace 1,000m. Seismic testing a 0.5g ya tabbatar da tsarin mai yawa da contact resistance fluctuation <3%.
2. Tasharadda Yawanci da Yiyan Gini
Tasharadda yawanci sun tabbatar da cikin ɗaya ɗaya ya samu abubuwan da suka so:
Resistance Lissafin Mai Ban Sha'awa: An yi tattaunawa ta hanyar DC voltage drop ko bridge method; ma'aikata suna ci gaba da kungiyoyi da suka baka da farko ≤20% daga tasharadda doka.
Power Frequency Withstand Voltage: 42kV (lissafin 12kV) an yi tattaunawa don 1 second; ba a gano breakdown ko flashover. Auxiliary/control circuits an teston ta hanyar 2kV/1min.
Tasharadda Sealing: Mai mahimmanci don gas-insulated units. Leakage rate ≤1×10⁻⁷ Pa·m³/s (IEC 62271-200), an yi tattaunawa ta hanyar 24-hour pressure monitoring ko helium leak detection don tushen da ya fi karfi.
Muhimmanci Operation: 5–10 waɗannan tushen sun tabbatar da flexibility da funtociya na mechanical interlocks ("five prevention" rules).
Tasharadda Visual da Electrical: Inspect appearance, coating, labels, fasteners, da electrical connections. Solid-insulated units (misali, epoxy-coated modules) sun buƙata ƙwarewa ga ingancin maza (ba cracks ko damage).
3. Site Acceptance da Tasharadda Tsari Mai Yawa
Tabbacin daɗi a lokacin ɗaukan yan gini:
Insulation Resistance: >1,000MΩ (an yi tattaunawa ta hanyar megohmmeter). Mai mahimmanci don tattara moisture, contamination, ko defects—mai karfi da gas-insulated units a tsari mai yawa.
Tasharadda Protection Function: Simulate overcurrent da ground faults don tabbatar da response da tripping reliability na protection device.
Temperature Rise Test: A darajar ta wakar da aka baka, busbar temperature rise ≤70K da contact rise ≤80K (GB/T 3906). Mai mahimmanci saboda poor heat dissipation na eco-gases (thermal conductivity ~1/4 of SF₆).
Tasharadda Tsari Mai Yawa:
High Altitude: Derate withstand voltage (misali, 42kV ×1.15 ≈48.3kV a 1,800m).
High Humidity: Anti-condensation testing don tabbatar da dryness cikin.
Low Temperature: Operation tests a -40°C don tabbatar da reliable switching.
4. Tasharadda Gas System Mai Yawa
Key differentiator from SF₆-based units:
Tasharadda Sealing: Helium leak detection (ba da vacuuming da helium injection) ya fi 1×10⁻⁷ Pa·m³/s sensitivity. Pressure decay method ya amfani da 24-hour monitoring.
Pressure-Insulation Relationship: Don nitrogen-insulated units (0.12–0.13MPa operating pressure), test insulation performance at reduced pressure (misali, <90% rated) and evaluate "hump phenomenon" under impulse voltage.
Gas Purity and Humidity: Moisture in dry air units must be <150ppm. Use dew point meters or humidity sensors for monitoring.
Gas Chamber Integrity: X-ray inspection for weld quality (no pores/cracks), mechanical load tests for deformation resistance, and long-term pressure monitoring for seal stability.
5. Thermal Stability and Innovations
Critical due to poor heat dissipation of eco-gases (e.g., nitrogen):
Temperature Rise Test: Long-term operation at rated current; measure busbar, contact, and joint temperatures. Must meet GB/T 3906 limits (≤70K for busbars, ≤80K for contacts).
Short-Circuit Temperature Rise Test: Apply rated short-time current (e.g., 20kA/3s); verify temperature rise and thermal distribution under compact designs.
Innovative Cooling Solutions:
Radiative Cooling Coatings: Reduce surface temperature by up to 30.9°C; durable and corrosion-resistant.
Smart Cooling/Dehumidification: Fan and dehumidifier systems reduce temperature by 40% and humidity by 58%.
Design Improvements: Optimized ventilation and high-thermal-conductivity insulation materials enhance overall heat dissipation.
