Testên Essensiyal Type, Routine û Qebûlkirina Agahî yên ji bo RMUyên Modern û Şafan bi Eko-yan
1. Sîstema û Standartên Testa Tîpa
Testa tîpa dixwekirina rasyonel û ewleha parastina unitên hêviyê yên parastî yên qamîk (RMUs) di nav IEC 62271-200 û GB/T 3906 de, û pêşkehat:
Parastina Hêviyê: Ji bo RMUs 12kV, bihêviya dayîna daqîqa 42kV (1 min) ji bo sermasekên sereke û 48kV ji bo breaker. Bihêviya dayîna çavdarûn 75kV (sistema 12kV) an 125kV (sistema 24kV), bi 15 impulsa standarde (1.2/50μs) ji bo her polariyet. Parçaweyek partî ya bêtirbîh hatiye ≤10pC ji bo 1.2× geranî hilgerîn—girtîn taybetik ji bo unitên SF₆ lêkolîna nîvendî yên parastî yên ekolojî (wisa, nitrogen, ~1/3 vê SF₆). Testa guhertina hêviyê gas, ku hêsan êvaliyê ya "hump phenomenon" di nitrogen de, têne hewce.
Pêşazana Mekanîk: Breakerên cihan dikare 5,000 xevahil bike, isolatorên ≥2,000. Karakteristikên mekanîk (dem, zeviya, synchronicity) pêşdeng hatin. Testa arcên derveyî hewce ye ke 20–50kA ji bo 0.1–1s bibehine, bi presyonên derveyî ≤50kPa û integritiyê enclosure pabike. IP67-level protection bi double EPDM seals û stainless steel hatiye verast kirin.
Adapta Eko: Xebitandina derec/berî (40°C/93%RH ji bo 56 roza) piştgiriya hêviyê çêr bibe ≤50%. Testa sprayê salt (IEC 60068-2-52) hewce ye ke 500 saet bikat, bi corrosive <0.1μm/sala. Operasyona malper (1,000–1,800m) hewce ye ke 5–15% derating per 1,000m. Testa seismic di 0.5g de integritiyê struktûrî û fluktuasyona resistance contact <3% pabike.
2. Testa Rutiyan û Exekusiyon
Testa rutiyan piştgiriya dikarina her unit ji bo mafadan berî:
Resistance Main Circuit: Bi karîna drop voltage DC an bridge method; giranî dibêje tevniyata pêşdestin bikat û ≤20% jî nekin ji netayî testa tîpa.
Bihêviya Dayîna Daqîqa: 42kV (sistema 12kV) bihêve ji bo 1 second; tune breakdown an flashover. Sistemên auxiliary/control test bikin bi 2kV/1min.
Testa Sealing: Pirîma ji bo unitên gas-insulated. Rate leakage ≤1×10⁻⁷ Pa·m³/s (IEC 62271-200), bi monitorîna presyon 24-saat an helium leak detection ji bo duzînî zêde.
Operasyona Mekanîk: 5–10 xevahil operasyon piştgiriya hewl û werkerdina yekbûyî interlocks ("five prevention" rules).
Check Visual û Electrical: Îskan appearance, coating, labels, fasteners, û electrical connections. Unitên solid-insulated (wisa, epoxy-coated modules) hewce ye ke special attention bikin ji bo integritiyê insulation (tune cracks an damage).
3. Site Acceptance û Testa Eko Spesifik
Verifikasyona dawî pas installasyon:
Resistance Insulation: >1,000MΩ (measured with megohmmeter). Pirîma ji bo detektîna moisture, contamination, an defects—especially important for gas-insulated units in humid environments.
Testa Protection Function: Simulate overcurrent and ground faults to verify protection device response and tripping reliability.
Temperature Rise Test: At rated current, busbar temperature rise ≤70K and contact rise ≤80K (GB/T 3906). Crucial due to poor heat dissipation of eco-gases (thermal conductivity ~1/4 of SF₆).
Special Environmental Tests:
High Altitude: Derate withstand voltage (e.g., 42kV ×1.15 ≈48.3kV at 1,800m).
High Humidity: Anti-condensation testing to ensure internal dryness.
Low Temperature: Operation tests at -40°C to ensure reliable switching.
4. Gas System Specialized Tests
Key differentiator from SF₆-based units:
Sealing Test: Helium leak detection (after vacuuming and helium injection) achieves 1×10⁻⁷ Pa·m³/s sensitivity. Pressure decay method uses 24-hour monitoring.
Pressure-Insulation Relationship: For nitrogen-insulated units (0.12–0.13MPa operating pressure), test insulation performance at reduced pressure (e.g., <90% rated) and evaluate "hump phenomenon" under impulse voltage.
Gas Purity and Humidity: Moisture in dry air units must be <150ppm. Use dew point meters or humidity sensors for monitoring.
Gas Chamber Integrity: X-ray inspection for weld quality (no pores/cracks), mechanical load tests for deformation resistance, and long-term pressure monitoring for seal stability.
5. Thermal Stability and Innovations
Critical due to poor heat dissipation of eco-gases (e.g., nitrogen):
Temperature Rise Test: Long-term operation at rated current; measure busbar, contact, and joint temperatures. Must meet GB/T 3906 limits (≤70K for busbars, ≤80K for contacts).
Short-Circuit Temperature Rise Test: Apply rated short-time current (e.g., 20kA/3s); verify temperature rise and thermal distribution under compact designs.
Innovative Cooling Solutions:
Radiative Cooling Coatings: Reduce surface temperature by up to 30.9°C; durable and corrosion-resistant.
Smart Cooling/Dehumidification: Fan and dehumidifier systems reduce temperature by 40% and humidity by 58%.
Design Improvements: Optimized ventilation and high-thermal-conductivity insulation materials enhance overall heat dissipation.
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