ਇਲੈਕਟਰੋਸਟੈਟਿਕ ਟਾਈਪ ਇੰਸਟ੍ਰੂਮੈਂਟਾਂ ਦੀ ਨਿਰਮਾਣ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸਿਪਲ ਟਾਰਕ ਸਮੀਕਰਣ
Electrostatic Type Instruments da Kaam Da Sutra
Nam se he dekhda hai ke electrostatic type instrument static electrical field nu istemal karke deflecting torque pradaan karta hai. Ise tarah diye gae instruments aam tor par uchhe voltages nu malaana liye istemal hunde hain, per kuch maqaaleon vich unhe chote voltages te power nu bhi mala skde hain. Ab electrostatic force ka do sambhav roop hunda hai, jo neechi likhde hain,
Electrostatic Type Instruments da Nirman
Jab ek plate thappda rahnda hai te dusra plate chalnaa laa skda hai, plates dono opposite charge ho jande hain taaki bein vich attractive force ho. Is attractive force ton chalne wali plate thappi plate de taraf chalti jati hai jab tak moving plate maximum electrostatic energy store na kare.
Dusre arrangment vich koi attraction ya repulsion force, ya dono, plate da rotation ton hoshiaar ho sakde hain.
Electrostatic Type Instrument da Force aur Torque Equation
Ab linear electrostatic type instruments da force equation derive kar le. Do plates consider karde jithe diagram vich dikhaya gaya hai.
Plate A positive charge vichi hai te Plate B negative charge vichi hai. Jaise ki upar likha hai, possible condition (a) ton linear motion hoti hai. Plate A thappda hai te Plate B chalnaa laa skda hai. Maan lenge ki plates bein F force hai equilibrium vich jab electrostatic force spring force ke barabar ho jaave. Is point vich, plates vich stored electrostatic energy
Ab suppose hum applied voltage vich dV increase karte hain, is ton Plate B, Plate A de taraf dx distance chal jaata hai. Plate B de displacement ton spring force against work done F.dx hoga. Applied voltage current nalon relate hai
Is electric current da value ton input energy calculate ki skdi hai
Is ton hum stored energy da change calculate kar skde hain, jo hunda hai
Expression vich higher order terms neglect karke. Ab energy conservation principle apply karke, system vich input energy = system vich stored energy da increase + system ton mechanical work done. Is ton hum likh skde hain,
Upar diye hue equation ton force calculate ki skdi hai
Ab rotary electrostatic type instruments da force and torque equation derive kar le. Diagram neechi dikhaya gaya hai,
Rotary type electrostatic instruments da deflecting torque expression nikalne ke liye, equation (1) vich F ko Td te dx ko dA se replace kar den. Ab modified equation rewrite kar ke hume deflecting torque milta hai
Steady state vich controlling torque Tc = K × A da expression de rakhi hai. Deflection A likh skde hain
Is expression ton hum conclude kar skde hain ke pointer ka deflection measure karne ke liye voltage da square ke directly proportional hai, isliye scale non-uniform hoga. Ab Quadrant electrometer baare discuss karte hain. Yeh instrument generally 100V se 20 kilo volts tak voltage measure karne ke liye istemal hota hai. Phir Quadrant electrometer vich deflecting torque applied voltage da square ke directly proportional hota hai, iska ek faida yeh hai ke yeh instrument AC te DC voltage dono measure kar skda hai. Electrostatic type instruments voltmeters ke roop vich istemal hone da ek faida yeh hai ke hum voltage range extend kar skde hain. Voltage range extend karne ke do tarike hain. Unhen ek ek karke discuss karte hain.
(a) resistance potential dividers ka istemal karke: Neche diye gae circuit diagram hai.
Measure karna chaunde aa voltage total resistance r te electrostatic capacitor total resistance ke portion r te connect kiya janda hai. Ab suppose applied voltage DC hai, tab hum assume kar skde hain ke connect kiye capacitor infinite leakage resistance rakhda hai. Is case vich multiplying factor electrical resistance r/R da ratio de rakhi hai. Ac operation vich bhi multiplying factor r/R de rakhi hai.
(b) Capacitor multiplier technique ka istemal karke: Hum voltage range extend kar skde hain series capacitors place karke, jithe circuit dikhaya gaya hai.
Circuit diagram 1 da multiplying factor expression derive kar le. Voltmeter ka capacitance C1 te series capacitor C2 mark kar le. Ab in capacitors ka series combination hoga
Jo circuit ka total capacitance hai. Ab voltmeter ka impedance Z1 = 1/jωC1 hai te thus total impedance hoga
Ab multiplying factor define ki skda hai Z/Z1 ka ratio de rakhi hai, jo 1 + C2 / C1 ke barabar hai. Similarly multiplying factor calculate ki skda hai. Is tareeke se hum voltage range extend kar skde hain.
Electrostatic Type Instruments da Fayde
Ab electrostatic type instruments da kuch fayde dekhte hain.
Sabse pehla aur sabse mahatvapurn fayda yeh hai ke hum AC te DC voltage dono measure kar skde hain, kyunki deflecting torque voltage da square ke directly proportional hai.
In types of instruments vich power consumption bahut kam hoti hai, kyunki in instruments vich draw kiye gane current kam hota hai.
Hum high value of voltage measure kar skde hain.
Electrostatic Type Instruments da Nuksan
Various advantages ke bad electrostatic instruments kuch nuksan v bane rakhe hain, jo neche likhe hain.
Yeh other instruments ke comparison me bahut costly hote hain te large size hote hain.
Scale uniform nahi hota.
Various operating forces involved small magnitude hote hain.
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