Teoriya na Turbin a Wajen Kirkiro da Kula da Ba A Kirkiro Bane

Takaitaccen Transformer

Transformer ita ce kayan aiki na gajeru mai kawo energyar da shi a fagen da sauran aikin kwa kan electromagnetic induction.

Limadda Transformer Da Ba A Kan Wani Abubuwa Ba

Ba Da Resistance Ko Leakage Reactance

Amsa transformer da ba a kan copper loss ko leakage reactance ba. Idan an kara alternating current source zuwa primary, yana taimaka don maganize core ta transformer.

Amma wannan current ba ne abin da ake maganize core ba; yana zama wanda yake da kyau daga abin da ake maganize core. Total current da aka kara zuwa source na biyu abubuwan, waɗanda suka haɗa shi ne, muna haka ya kasance da magnetizing current da ke maganize core, kuma abu mafi shi ya kasance da source current da ke taimaka don core losses a cikin transformers.

Saboda component da ke core loss, no-load source current ba ne lagga supply voltage da exactly 90° ba, amma lagga angle θ, wanda yake da kyau daga 90°. Total current Io na biyu abubuwan, muna haka ya kasance da Iw wanda yake phase da supply voltage V1, wanda yana nufin core loss component.

Wannan component ana karɓe phase da source voltage saboda hakan ana iya sama da active ko working losses a cikin transformers. Abin da source current ya kasance ya kasance da Iμ.

Wannan component yana samun alternating magnetic flux a cikin core, saboda hakan ba ne watt-less; idan hakan yana nufin reactive part of the transformer source current. Saboda hakan Iμ zai zama quadrature da V1 kuma phase da alternating flux Φ. Saboda hakan, total primary current a cikin transformer a nan no-load condition zai iya nuna:

Daga baya kana son in bayyana limadda transformer da ba a kan abubuwa ba.

Limadda Transformer Da A Kan Abubuwa

Ba Da Resistance Ko Leakage Reactance

Daga baya kana son in duba halayyar transformer da a kan abubuwa, idan load an kara zuwa secondary terminals. Amsa, transformer da core loss amma ba a kan copper loss ko leakage reactance. Idan an kara load zuwa secondary winding, load current zai faru zuwa load kuma secondary winding.

Wannan load current ba ne ba da characteristics of the load kuma ba da secondary voltage of the transformer. Wannan current ana kiran da I2. Idan I2 yana faru zuwa secondary, self MMF a cikin secondary winding zai faru. Wannan N2I2, inda N2 ce number of turns of the secondary winding of the transformer.

Wannan MMF ko magnetomotive force a cikin secondary winding yana samun flux φ2. Wannan φ2 zai ci main magnetizing flux kuma zai ci nasara da main flux kuma zai yi amfani don reduce primary self-induced emf E1. Idan E1 zama da kyau daga primary source voltage V1, zai faru extra current zuwa source zuwa primary winding.

Wannan extra primary current I2′ yana samun extra flux φ′ a cikin core wanda yana neutralize secondary counter flux φ2. Saboda hakan, main magnetizing flux of core, Φ yana bane daidai ba da abubuwa ba. Saboda hakan, total current, yadda transformer yake kara zuwa source zai iya rarraba da biyu abubuwan.

Abu muna haka yana haɗa shi ne don maganize core kuma taimaka don core loss, i.e., Io. Wannan ita ce no-load component of the primary current. Abu mafi shi yana haɗa shi ne don taimaka don counter flux of the secondary winding. 

Ana kiran da load component of the primary current. Saboda hakan, total no-load primary current I1 of an electrical power transformer da ba a kan winding resistance ko leakage reactance ba zai iya nuna:

Inda θ2 ce angle between the Secondary Voltage and Secondary Current of the transformer. Daga baya kana son in duba halayyar transformer da a kan abubuwa da take da resistance amma ba a kan leakage reactance ba.

Limadda Transformer Da A Kan Abubuwa, Da Resistive Winding, Amma Ba A Kan Leakage Reactance

Daga baya kana son in duba winding resistance of the transformer amma ba a kan leakage reactance. Tun daga lokacin da ake magana game da transformer da ideal windings, idan winding da ba a kan resistance ko leakage reactance, daga baya kana son in duba transformer da internal resistance a cikin winding amma ba a kan leakage reactance. Saboda winding resistive, akwai voltage drop a cikin winding.

An tabbataccen cewa, total primary current from the source on load is I1. Voltage drop a cikin primary winding with resistance, R1 is R1I1. Obviously, induced emf across primary winding E1, ba ne exactly equal to source voltage V1. E1 is less than V1 by voltage drop I1R1.

Karin lokacin a cikin secondary, voltage induced across the secondary winding, E2 ba ta completely appear across the load saboda hakan yana drop by an amount I2R2, inda R2 ce secondary winding resistance kuma I2 ce secondary current ko load current.

Duk da haka, voltage equation of the secondary side of the transformer zai iya nuna:

Limadda Transformer Da A Kan Abubuwa, Da Resistance As Well As Leakage Reactance

Daga baya kana son in duba condition when there is leakage reactance of the transformer as well as winding resistance of the transformer.

Let leakage reactances of primary and secondary windings of the transformer are X1 and X2 respectively. Hence total impedance of primary and secondary winding of transformer with resistance R1 and R2 respectively can be represented as,

An tabbataccen cewa, voltage equation of a transformer on load, with only resistances in the windings, where voltage drops in the windings occur only due to resistive voltage drop.

Amma idan a duba leakage reactance of transformer windings, voltage drop occurs in the winding not only due to resistance but also due to the impedance of transformer windings. Saboda hakan, actual voltage equation of a transformer can easily be determined by replacing resistances R1 & R2 in the previously established voltage equations with Z1 and Z2.

Therefore, the voltage equations are,

Resistance drops are in the direction of the current vector. But a reactive drop will be perpendicular to the current vector as shown in the above vector diagram of the transformer.