Kanuwa na Ohm: Yadda Ya Samun Farko (Tsarin da Kuma Tatsuniya na Kanuwa na Ohm)

Electrical4u

فیلڈ: Karkashin Kuliya da Dukkana

China

Wani da Ohm’s Law?

Ohm’s law yana nuna cewa jerin karamin zafi a kan conductor yana da muhimmanci da tasirin faruwa (voltage) bayan yanayin, idan ana iya tabbatar da adadin yanayi ba ta gida.

A cikin haka, tashar tasirin faruwa bayan yanayin da karamin zafi a kan yanayin yana da muhimmanci, idan ana iya tabbatar da adadin yanayi ba ta gida (misali, tsari, doka).

Kimanin, Ohm’s law zai iya bayyana a cikin rarraba, wanda yake da,

$\begin{align*} I \propto V \end{align*}$

Idan an sanya alamar muhimman da ake magana, na aiki R a cikin wannan rarrabba, muna samun,

$\begin{align*} I = \frac{V}{R} \,\, or \,\, V = I * R \end{align*}$

Daga baya,

R shine aiki da conductor a Ohm ( $\Omega$ ),
I ita ce kwarewar da ake tafi da amper (A),
V ita ce tsari ko farkon tsari da ake bincike a kan kwarewa a volts (V).

Layin Ohm yana iya amfani da DC da AC.

Ingantaccen bayanin farkon tsari ko tsari (V), kwarewa (I) da takarda (R) a cikin hanyar kwarewa ta shahara da karfin Germany George Simon Ohm.

Yadda takarda ita ce Ohm ( $\Omega$ ) an sanya sunan George Simon Ohm.

Ya Fadada Yadda Layin Ohm Ta Yi?

Daga ma'anar layin Ohm, kwarewar da ake tafi a kan kwarewa ko takarda a kan biyu ana gudanar da farkon tsari (ko farkon tsari) a kan kwarewa ko takarda.

Amma... zan iya zama matsalolin mafi fahimta.

Saboda haka, ba na iya samun fahimta mai kyau game da layin Ohm ta haka tare da misalai.

Misali 1

Fara a gano wata mai tsafta a kan yankin da ya fi sani a kan tafkin. Ana iya samun hula a kasa na wata mai tsafta kamar yadda aka nuna a wannan taswirin.

Misali 1.png

Tsari a pascal a karshe na hula ya dacewa da tsari ko farko a cikin zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa.
Yawan ruwan da ya faru a kowace detar litri ya dacewa da karamin jirgi a cikin zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa.
Abubuwa masu sauki a karamin jirgin ruwa kamar abubuwa masu sauki a kan dukka a bayan biyu su ne dacewa da abubuwa masu sauki a cikin zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa.

Saboda haka, yawan ruwan da ya faru a kusa a kan abubuwa masu sauki ya dacewa da fadada a kan tsari a kan abubuwa masu sauki.

Duk da yake, a cikin zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa, karamin jirgi da ya faru a kan dukka ko abubuwa masu sauki a bayan biyu su ne dacewa da fadada a kan tsari a kan dukka ko abubuwa masu sauki.

Za a iya cewa abubuwa masu sauki a kan karamin jirgin ruwa ya dacewa da tsawon dukka, abincin dukka, da kuma tsayi na tafki a kan tafkin da ya fi sani a kan tafkin.

Ohm’s law ya yi a cikin zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa kamar haka, cewa abubuwa masu sauki a kan karamin jirgin ruwa ya dacewa da tsawon dukka da abincin dukka da ya amfani da shi.

Misali 2

Misali na musamman a kan zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa da zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa don in bayyana yadda Ohm’s law ya yi a cikin wannan taswirin.

Misali 2.png Misali 2.2.png

Kamar yadda aka nuna, idan tsari ta daidai da abubuwa masu sauki ta zama (tana da rarraba a karamin jirgin ruwa), maka yawan ruwan da ya faru za a yin daɗe.

Duk da yake, a cikin zabe na karamin jirgin ruwa, idan tsari ko farko ta daidai da abubuwa masu sauki ta zama (tana da rarraba a karamin jirgin ruwa), maka yawan karamin jirgi electric charge kamar haka, karamin jirgi za a yin daɗe.

Idan, idan ake kawo yawan ruwa na musamman da ake kawo shi ne, da ake yi karfin pumpa, zai kasance yawan ruwa.

Duk da haka, a cikin tushen mai jeri, idan ake kawo yawan jirgin samar da ake kawo shi ne, da ake yi karfin fasahohi ko voltage, zai kasance yawan jerin alama daga zama, ya'ni, current.

Ohm’s Law Formula

Yadda ake gudanar da fasahohi ko potential difference, current da resistance zai iya rubuta da sauka hanyar harsuna uku.

Idan muna sani biyu daga cikin abubuwan, za a iya kalkulasu babban da ba a sani ba ta hanyar ohm’s law. Saboda haka, ohm’s law yana da muhimmanci a cikin electronics da electrical formulas da kalkulasu.

Idan ake sani electric current da ke fito a kan resistance, zai iya kalkulasu fasahohi da ke faruwar a kan resistance ta hanyar:

$\begin{align*} V = IR \,\, i.e., \,\, Potential \,\, Difference = Current * Resistance \end{align*}$

Idan ake sani fasahohi da ke fito a kan resistance, zai iya kalkulasu current da ke fito a kan resistance ta hanyar:

$\begin{align*} I = \frac{V}{R} \,\, i.e., \,\, Current = \frac{Potential \,\, Diffrence}{Resistance} \end{align*}$

Idan da ake kawo sanya ta yawan tsari a kan yawan amfani da tsafta da aka baka bayan a gaba maka ake magana da yawan amfani da tsafta, zan iya kula cewa wannan tsafta ce ya ba da labari a tunani da hakan.

$\begin{align*} R = \frac{V}{I} \,\, i.e., \,\, Resistance = \frac{Potential \,\, Diffrence}{Current} \end{align*}$

Tushen Tushen Ohm don Gabatarwa

Kwamfuta kwamfuta na iya haɗa da sanya ta yawan tsari da yawan amfani da tsafta.

Sannan, Ake Kula $V = I * R$ a cikin tushen (1) muna samun

$\begin{equation*} P = IR * I = I^2*R \end{equation*}$

Wannan furmuwa ta haka ake kira furmuwar tashin karshen kasa ko furmuwar zafi a cikin kasa.

Tana da wannan $I = \frac{V}{R}$ a cikin (1) muna samu

(3) $\begin{equation*} P = V * \frac{V}{R}= \frac{V^2}{R} \end{equation*}$

Daga wannan mu'amala, za a iya tabbatar da kashi a cikin kasa idan ya sani abubuwan shi ne kamar tasirin kasa ko kudin kasa ko kudin kasa da kasa.

Za a iya tabbatar da balagan kasa daga wannan mu'amala idan ya sani tasirin kasa ko kudin kasa.

$\begin{align*} R = \frac{V^2}{P} \,\, \& \,\, R = \frac{P}{I^2} \end{align*}$

Idan ana sani biyu daga abubuwan kashi, tasirin kasa, kudin kasa da kasa, za a iya tabbatar da biyu-biyu daga wannan mu'amala a cikin tashin Ohm.

$\begin{align*} P = \frac{V^2}{R} \,\,or\,\,R = \frac{V^2}{P} \,\,or\,\, V = \sqrt{PR} \end{align*}$

$\begin{align*} P = {I^2}{R} \,\,or\,\, R = \frac{P}{I^2} \,\,or\,\, I = \sqrt{\frac{P}{R}} \end{align*}$

Yadda na Tarihin Annabi da Ohm’s Law

A yadda da duka tarihin Annabi da Ohm’s Law a nan.

Ohm’s law ba shi ne zuwa duk mutanen da suka haɗa. Misali, don silicon carbide, alaka ta ce $V = KI^m$ indace K da m suna cikakken bayanan kuma m<1.
Ohm’s Law ba zama ne zuwa waɗannan abubuwa mai tsarki ba.

Resistance
Capacitance
Semiconductors
Vacuum tubes
Electrolytes
Resistors na kafin tauri
Lambu na arc
Diode na Zener

(Ko da yaɗa ake magana cewa abubuwa daban-daban suna da muhimmanci, wasu su ne da ake magana cewa mafi yawan amfani da shi a kan al'adu, kamar diodes, transistors, kuma wasu abubuwan da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a kan al'adu.)

Tushen Ohm ana iya amfani da shi a kan mai zuba a wani tsakiyar jiki da ba ya fi. Idan jiki ya fi, ba a zama da amfani da tushen.
Tushen Ohm ba a iya amfani da shi a kan network na unilateral ba. Koyaya, network na unilateral take da abubuwan da suka biyan gaba-gaban, kamar transistors, diodes, kuma wasu abubuwan. Abubuwan da suka biyan gaba-gaban su ne da suka bar da amfani da shi a kan gaba-gabban da ba a kan al'adu ba.

Tushen Ohm Triangle

Formulas na biyu a kan tushen Ohm an samun da shi a kan triangle na tushen Ohm.

Triangle na Tushen Ohm.png

Muhimman Masu Amfani da Tushen Ohm

Misali 1

A cikin circuit da aka bayar, akwai current na 4 A ta fito a kan resistance na 15 Ω. Bayyana voltage drop a kan circuit a cikin tushen Ohm.

Jalawa:

Mata da Data: $I = 4\,\,A$ da $R = 15\,\,\Omega$

Sai dai kanunin Ohm,

$\begin{align*} \begin{split} V = I * R \\ = 4*15 \\ V = 60 \,\, Volts \end{split} \end{align*}$

Saboda haka, tare da kanunin Ohm, muka samu kawo cikakkiyar volt a tsakiyar 60 V.

Misalai 2

Kamar yadda aka bayyana a tsakiyar, an yi amfani da shirya volt ta 24 V a tsakiyar resistance na 12 Ω. Saurarin amfani da kanunin Ohm don tabbatar da amfani da shirya na gaba-gaban da ya haɗa a tsakiyar.

$\begin{equation*} P = V * I \end{equation*}$

Gabanar:

Bayanin Da Taka: $V = 24\,\,V$ da $R = 12\,\,\Omega$

A cikin hukumomin Ohm,

$\begin{align*} \begin{split} I = \frac{V}{R} \\ = \frac{24}{12} \\ I = 2 \,\, A (Ampere) \end{split} \end{align*}$

Saboda haka, tare da hukumomin Ohm, an samun karamin wata na 2 A.

Misalai 3

Kamar yadda aka nuna a zabe ta hanyar, takakin bayanin kungiyar shine 24 V da karamin wata na 2 A. Bayyana ma'anar kungiya mai lafiya a tunanin hukumomin Ohm.

Jawabi:

Bayanin Da Taka: $V = 24\,\,V$ da $I = 2\,\,A$

A cikin hukumomin Ohm,

$\begin{align*} \begin{split} R = \frac{V}{I} \\ = \frac{24}{2} \\ R = 12 \,\, \Omega \end{split} \end{align*}$

Don haka, tana da aiki a kan kungiyar Ohm don samun balon yin wannan halitta $12\,\,\Omega$ .

Yadda a Amfani da Kungiyar Ohm

Wasu daga cikin abubuwa na amfani da kungiyar Ohm sun hada da:

Don in samun balon jarabtoci ko kashi, halitta, da yanayi na tsakiyar jirgin kasa.
Kungiyar Ohm ana amfani da ita a cikin jirgin lalacewarsa don tabbatar da kashi na yanayi a kan abubuwan lalacewarsa.
Kungiyar Ohm ana amfani da ita a cikin jirgin lalacewar da suka fito, musamman a cikin ammetar DC inda ana amfani da halitta mai shunt ta kai wa yanayi.

Source: Electrical4u

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