Duniya da ake iya karkashin Recloser da Pole Breaker?

Babu wadanda suka nemanani: “Wannan shine farkon da recloser da kuma pole-mounted circuit breaker?” Ba zai iya bayarwa a cikin kalma baka, saboda haka ana rubuta wannan takarda don inganta. Duk da cewa reclosers da pole-mounted circuit breakers suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban - suna amfani don kontrol, babbar, da tattaunawa a wasu linshi masu saki na gaba - amma akwai farkon da yake da shi a cikin abubuwan da ke faru. Yana da kyau a nemi wa mafi girman da za a yi.

1. Farkon Kungiyoyi
Wannan ya fi zama mafi farko. Reclosers suna amfani da su a wasu linshin gaba na China, amma China ta haɗa da muhimmanci na modeli mai amfani da pole-mounted circuit breakers da Feeder Terminal Units (FTUs). Wannan zane da ita ya ba da iyakokin kalmomin birnin da kuma kalmomin labarin, kuma yana da nasara da aiki a kan fuskantar kalmomin birnin da kalmomin labari kadan-kadan. Amma, a kan al'adun duniya, ana amfani da fuskantar kalmomin birnin da kalmomin labari mai ma'ana daga baya.

China ta fara standard na gwamnati don reclosers - GB 25285-2010 - da ake kunna daga IEC 62271-111:2005. Ba zan iya tabbatar da wannan standard, saboda an rarrabe IEC 62271-111 na 2005 kadan-kadan; idan kana amfani da shi, zan iya bar hankali.

A tarihin, tattalin noma na China suna hasashen imfaɗa da ilimi mai sauƙi, ba da auyuka mai karfi ba. Duk da haka, tattalin State Grid da China Southern Power Grid suna haɗa da strategijin standardization, wanda ya ba da abubuwan da ke faru a kan manyan masana'antu, da aukan da aiki a kan management na abincin mutanen.

A kan al'adun duniya, manyan brand suna faɗa da abubuwan da ke faru - kowace ta amfani da designs, features, da unique value propositions. Daga wannan matsayin, sectorin distribution equipment na China ya kamata da zaman da yake da shi don baɗe da "copycat" mindset da yin aiki mai karfi mai sauƙi.

2. Composition na Abinci
Reclosers suna da controller kafin ake amfani da su - bai zan iya yi aiki bai kuma. Amma, pole-mounted circuit breakers suna amfani da spring-operated mechanisms kuma zan iya yi aiki da manual mechanism da overcurrent trip coil. Fundamentally, recloser shine primary-secondary device mai fuskantar, amma circuit breaker da FTU suna amfani da su a kan biyu.

Wannan farko ya ba da sakamakon a China. Hakan, masu aiki da kuma engineers suna da gaskiya da cewa recloser shine system mai fuskantar - both organizationally and technically - da ba su kafofin teams su.

3. Voltage Sensors
Pole-mounted circuit breakers na farko ba suna da voltage sensors, amma reclosers suna da six voltage sensors da su a kan standard. A kan tsawon China don fuskantar kalmomin birnin da kalmomin labari, wannan gap ya rage.

4. Standards
Reclosers suna da IEC 62271-111 (equivalent to ANSI/IEEE C37.60), amma circuit breakers suna da IEC 62271-100. Wannan standards suna ba da farkon a cikin specifications da type tests na abinci.

Crucially, a cikin type testing, short-circuit tripping na recloser shine fully controlled by its own integrated controller, not by external signals from a substation. In other words, per the standard, a circuit breaker is not a self-protecting device—it requires an external trip command—whereas a recloser is inherently self-protecting.

5. Operating Mechanism
Reclosers suna amfani da permanent-magnet mechanisms, amma pole-mounted circuit breakers suna amfani da spring mechanisms.
Kowa da yake da shi a cikin recloser da permanent-magnet pole-mounted circuit breaker da FTU, key differences remain.

6. Reclosing Sequence and Logic
Reclosers suna support fast, configurable reclosing sequences—for example: O–0.5s–CO–2s–CO–2s–CO (three opens, four operations). In contrast, typical Chinese pole-mounted breakers only support slower sequences like O–0.3s–CO–180s–CO.

The core functional difference lies in the controller software. Although both are protective devices, the software in international reclosers and domestic FTUs has diverged significantly over time.

Reclosing logic in global reclosers is the result of decades of R&D by international manufacturers. To meet diverse customer needs, this logic is open and fully configurable. For instance, each "O" (open) operation can be assigned multiple protection functions:

• First O: 50-1 (instantaneous overcurrent, 600A) + 51-1 (time-overcurrent, 200A, inverse-time curve)

• Second O: …

In contrast, FTU reclosing logic and protection settings in China are rigidly customized for State Grid or Southern Grid requirements. The logic is essentially a black box—parameters are hard-coded, and any modification requires changes to the underlying firmware. This outdated software architecture remains common across the domestic industry.

7. Protection Functions
A detailed comparison isn’t feasible here, but protection philosophies differ greatly due to grid structure and operational habits.

For example, inverse-time overcurrent protection is widely used internationally—with hundreds of available curves (including Kyle curves and user-defined options)—not just the four standard IEC curves. China rarely uses these.

Yadda na iya aiki na reclosers na duniya sun haɗa da duwatsu zuwa huduwa kamar haka (misali, 50-1, 50-2, 50-3, 50-4) don in ba da aikin al'aduwar da zai iya gudanar da ita a cikin yanayin yadda yaɗuwa. Duk da haka, SEF (Sensitive Earth Fault) protection - wanda shi ne mai karfi a duniya - ba a yi a China ba.

8. Protokolai Kungiyoyin
DNP3.0 yana da muhimmanci sosai a duniya amma ba a yi a China ba. Da kuma, DNP3.0 a tattalin aiki na duniya na nufin an a yi jerin abubuwa na kungiyoyi da ake bayyana, wanda yana nuna cewa reclosers mafi kyau su taimakawa a kan tasirin data na musamman - wani abin da ke da damar yin aiki.

A nan, ga tunanin Victor, babban mallakin fitaccen aiki na biyuƙi masu aiki na China, wanda ya bani ma fina-finai masu aiki na reclosers na duniya - amma ba na daya ba na China.

Amma ina iya ta ɗaukar da inganci, cewa a nan tsawon shekaru 20, za a samun alamar China wanda za a zama babban mallaki na duniya a kan reclosers. Wannan kamfanin ba zai taimakawa kawai a switchgear hardware - amma zai da damar yin aiki na tsafta, software, da digital integration.