Kwamfuta da Rukunin Kammala

Zafi shi ne daga cikin abubuwa mafi yawa da ake samu a fanni na karkara da elektronika. Dabaminni zafi a fanni ya kasancewa dabaminni mai kadan kamar, zafi na saki na transformar, zuwa dabaminni mai yawa kamar, zafi na sakin karshe na saki na transformar. Idan an yi amfani da multimeter, za a yi kyau idan an bukata dabaminni mai kamar, amma don dabaminni mai inganci da kuma idan an bukata dabaminni mai kadan da kuma mai yawa, ana bukatar hukumar da suka fi yawa. A nan farkon lafazi, za mu tattauna hukumar da dama ta sakar zafi. Don wannan abubuwa, za a gaba zafi a cikin uku na kasa-

Sakar Zafi Mai Kadan (<1Ω)

Yawan da ke da mu a sakar zafi mai kadan shine zafi na saki ko kudin sakar zafi na ala'amuran saka, musamman inda zafi na saki ko kudin sakar zafi na ala'amuran saka yana iya zama kamar zafi da ake sa. Saboda haka, za a yi koyarren zafi mai kadan da kudin alama biyar. Biyar da suka da kudin alama biyar suna da kudin alama biyar.

Karamin C1 da C2, saboda haka, zafi na saki ya sa a kan V1 da V2. Saboda haka, za a iya samun dabaminni zafi na yanayin V da I kamar yadda ake bayyana a nan. Wannan hukuma tana taimaka muni don kare zafi na saki da kudin sakar zafi na ala'amuran saka, amma idan zafi na saki na V da V da kudin sakar zafi na ala'amuran saka yana iya zama kamar zafi da ake sa, amma ba a yi koyarren wani tsawon adadin zafi na saki na V da V da kudin sakar zafi na ala'amuran saka ba.

Hukumomin da ake amfani da su don sakar zafi mai kadan sun haɗa:-

• Hukuma ta Kelvin’s Double Bridge

• Hukuma ta Potentiometer

• Ducter Ohmmeter.

Kelvin’s Double Bridge

Kelvin’s double bridge shi ne hukuma mai girma na Wheatstone bridge. Tafirin a nan tana bayyana diagramin circuit ta Kelvin’s double bridge.

Idan a nemi a nan, akwai uku da biyu, wanda daya da P da Q, kuma wanda biyu da p da q. R shi ne zafi mai kadan da ba a san, S shi ne zafi mai tsari. Haka r shi ne zafi na saki daga zafi mai kadan zuwa zafi mai tsari, wanda ake bukata don kare. Don sakar zafi, za a yi P/Q sama da p/q, kuma saboda haka, Wheatstone bridge mai balansu an yi tasiri, kuma saboda haka, galvanometer ya faruwa. Saboda haka, don bridge mai balansu, za a iya rubuta

Rubuta eqn 2 a 1 da kuma halla da P/Q = p/q, za a samu-

Saboda haka, za a iya kare zafi na saki kalmomi da kuma koyarren wani tsawo da suka faruwa. Don kare wani tsawo da suka faruwa saboda thermo-electric emf, za a yi wani takarda da battery connection reversed, kuma har zuwa, za a yi average da biyu. Wannan bridge tana taimaka muni don zafi daga 0.1µΩ zuwa 1.0 Ω.

Ducter Ohmmeter

Wannan shi ne ala'amurin electromechanical da ake amfani da ita don sakar zafi mai kadan. Ita tana da permanent magnet similar to that of a PMMC instrument da kuma biyu coils a kan magnetic field da poles of the magnet ta yi. Biyu coils suna da damar kusa da kuma suna da damar kusa don kula a kan common axis. Tafirin a nan tana bayyana Ducter Ohmmeter da kuma connections required to measure an unknown resistance R.

Wanda daya daga biyu coils, da ake kira current coil, tana da kudin alama biyar C1 da C2, saboda haka, wanda biyu, da ake kira, voltage coil tana da kudin alama biyar V1 da V2. Voltage coil tana da kudin current proportional of the voltage drop across R and so is its torque produced. Current coil tana da kudin current proportional to the current flowing through R and so is its torque too. Both the torque acts in opposite direction and the indicator come to halt when the two are equal. This instrument is useful for resistance in range 100µΩ to 5Ω.

Sakar Zafi Mai Tsari (1Ω – 100kΩ)

Hukumomin da ake amfani da su don sakar zafi mai tsari da dabaminni 1Ω – 100kΩ sun haɗa-

• Ammeter-Voltmeter Method

• Wheatstone Bridge Method

• Substitution Method

• Carey- Foster Bridge Method

• Ohmmeter Method

Ammeter Voltmeter Method

Wannan shi ne hukuma mai kadan da ma aiki da ita don sakar zafi. Ana amfani da ammeter tana da kudin current, I, da kuma voltmeter tana da kudin voltage, V, kuma muna samun dabaminni zafi kamar yadda ake bayyana a nan

Na sune biyu da su connections of ammeter and voltmeter, tafirin a nan tana bayyana.

A nan a figure 1, voltmeter tana da kudin voltage drop across ammeter and the unknown resistance, saboda haka

Saboda haka, tsawon adadin mutane ba za a iya zama,

Don connection in figure 2, ammeter tana da kudin sum of current through voltmeter and resistance, saboda haka

Tsawon adadin mutane ba za a iya zama,

Ana iya duba cewa tsawon adadin mutane ba za a iya zama waɗannan tare da Ra = 0 a cikin case na farko da Rv = ∞ a cikin case na biyu. Na sune tambayar kuɗi kuɗi da take zama, wanda take buƙaci da su don amfani da su. Don duba wannan, ake koyarre biyu da su

Saboda haka, don zafi mai yawa da take bayyana a nan, ake amfani da hukuma na farko, da kuma don zafi mai kadan, ake amfani da hukuma na biyu.

Wheatstone Bridge Method

Wannan shi ne hukuma mai girma da ake amfani da ita a cikin lissafi. Ita tana da arms of resistance P, Q; R and S. R shi ne zafi mai kadan da ba a san, S shi ne zafi mai tsari. P da Q suna da damar kusa don ratio arms. EMF source tana da kudin points a da b, saboda haka, galvanometer tana da kudin points c da d.