Cikakken Yawan Iyaɗa na Maimaitaccen Sambasamba
An kowane maimaito suna da shirya hankali ga cin kwaikwayar circuit breaker. Wadannan su ne:
Bincike da yake da yawa a ciki kan tsari mai zurfi na iya taka wani abin da ke gaba
Bincike mai zurfi a ciki kan circuit ta alama da circuit ta kontrola
Yawan tsari ko bincike da yake da yawa a ciki kan circuit mai yawa ko contact resistance test
Bincike da yake da yawa a ciki kan gas SF6 ko leakage test
Shirya da dukkar da ya faru
Binciken hanyoyin aiki.
Za mu hadada a lura idan kawai.
Bincike da Yake Da Yawa a Ciki Kan Tsari Mai Zurfi Na Iya Taka Wani Abin Da Ke Gaba
An za a samun wani abin da ke gaba a ciki kan power system saboda cut sudden da load daga system, yanayin da ba daidai da online tap changer, ko kuma zafi da shiga compensation a ciki kan system. Bincike da yake da yawa a ciki kan tsari mai zurfi na iya taka wani abin da ke gaba ya faru don in tabbatar da masu inganci da ya da circuit breaker a ciki kan hanyoyin abin da ke gaba masu system. Circuit breaker ya kamata a yi amfani da ita a ciki kan abin da ke gaba saboda lightning da kuma switching impulses. A ciki kan circuit breaker da sauran kayan aiki masu inganci, an yi amfani da su don in magance waɗannan hanyoyin abin da ke gaba, amma a nan, masu bayanai ba su iya juye asalanta.
Don in tabbatar da yakin da ya da yawa a ciki kan hanyoyin abin da ke gaba baki daya, circuit breaker ya kamata a yi amfani da ita a ciki kan wadannan dielectric tests. Amma, bincike da yake da yawa a ciki kan tsari mai zurfi na iya taka wani abin da ke gaba ne wanda ya zama maimaito na routine test of circuit breakers.
One Minute Dry Power Frequency Voltage Withstand Test
Ana yi amfani da wannan bincike don in tabbatar da yakin da ya da yawa a ciki kan main circuit ta breaker da ya da yawa a ciki kan power frequency over voltages da ya danganta a lokacin da tsawon da yawa.
Wannan bincike ana yi shi a ciki kan tsarin dry conditions. An za a samun power frequency voltages, da aka faru shi a ciki kan standard, saboda nominal voltage level ta system.
Za a hadada misali a ciki kan One Minute Dry Power Frequency Voltage Withstand Test ta SF6 Circuit Breaker. A nan, an za a samun top of all poles ta sauran circuit breakers da sama voltage rating, an za a kara shi da copper conductor. An za a kara wannan connection da ground. Duk abin da circuit breakers an yi amfani da su a ciki kan test, an za a kara shi da ground. An za a samun bottom of all poles ta sauran circuit breakers, an za a kara shi da copper conductor.
An za a kara wannan connection da phase terminal ta single phase high voltage cascaded transformer. High voltage transformer da aka faru shi a ciki kan cascaded auto transformer, inda input voltage ya fi zama daga zero zuwa sabon hundred volts, da kuma corresponding secondary voltage ya fi zama daga zero zuwa sabon hundred kilo volts. A lokacin test, an za a faru voltage a button terminal ta breakers, an za a yi amfani da high voltage cascaded transformer, an za a faru shi daga 0 zuwa ma'ana ta specified value, an za a yi amfani da shi a lokacin 60 seconds, sannan an za a faru shi daga 0. A lokacin test, an za a samun leakage current to the ground, da kuma an za a ci gaba shi a ciki kan maximum allowed limit. Idan yakin da ya da yawa ta kashe, yana nuna cewa yakin da ya da yawa ba ta da yawa.
Bincike mai zurfi a ciki kan circuit ta alama da circuit ta kontrola
Idan an samu hanyoyin abin da ke gaba a ciki kan auxiliary and control supply circuits, kuma auxiliary and control circuits ta breakers ya kamata a yi amfani da ita a ciki kan short duration power frequency voltage withstand test. A nan, an za a faru test voltage ta 2000 V zuwa lokacin da minute. Insulation ta auxiliary and control circuit ya kamata a yi amfani da ita, da kuma ba za a samu destructive discharge a ciki kan test.
Yawan tsari ta main circuit
An za a samun resistance ta main circuit daga DC voltage drop across the circuit. A nan, an za a faru direct current zuwa circuit, an za a samun corresponding voltage drop, an za a samun yawan tsari ta circuit. An za a faru current daga 100 A zuwa maximum rated current ta circuit breaker. An za a samun maximum measured value 1.2 times the value obtained at the temperature rise test.
Tightness Test
Wannan bincike ana yi amfani da ita a ciki kan gas insulated switch-gear. A nan, an za a samun leakage rate. Wannan bincike ya tabbatar da desired lifespan ta switchgear. A nan, an za a kara air tightly thin sheets of polythene (preferably transparent) a ciki kan gas containing paths, an za a faru shi zuwa lokacin da 8 hours, an za a samun gas density inside this covers, an za a faru gas detecting port ta gas detector through a hole now created on the covers. An za a samun measurement a ppm unit, da kuma an za a ci gaba shi a ciki kan specified limit. Maximum limit of gas leakage 3 ppm / 8 hours, an za a faru shi a ciki kan standard.
Visual Checks
An za a samun circuit breaker a ciki kan language and data on the templates, proper identification mark of any auxiliary equipment, color and quality of paint and corrosion on metallic surface, etc.
Mechanical Operation Test
Circuit breaker ya kamata a yi amfani da ita a ciki kan maximum as well as minimum allowable auxiliary and control circuit supply voltage. Closing and tripping operation should be performed at least 5 times for specified maximum allowable control circuit supply voltage as well as specified minimum allowable control circuit supply voltage. The closing and opening operation of circuit breaker are also to be checked for rated supply voltage of control circuit. 110% of control voltage is taken as maximum limit for closing and opening operation of circuit breaker. 85% of control voltage is taken as minimum limit for closing operation of circuit breaker and 70% of control voltage is taken as minimum limit for opening or tripping operation of circuit breaker. During maximum and minimum control voltage operation it would be found that operating times are less and more respectively than that in rated control voltage but all the times should be within specified times limits. If it is applicable, such as in the case of pneumatic circuit breakers, the breaker should also be operated at least 5 times in specified maximum allowable operating pressure, in specified minimum allowable operating pressure and in specified rated operating pressure. A circuit breaker is also intended for rapid auto reclosing; at least 5 open close operating cycles should be checked against specification given on the rating plate. The actual time interval between open and close operations should be tallied with the time interval given in the operating cycle specification. When the circuit breakers are shipped as separate units and reassembled at site, the manufacturer should participate in commissioning test to give confirmation about compatibility of such separate units and components when assembled as a complete circuit breaker. For all required operation sequences, the test should be conducted and all closing and opening operating times along with intervals between two conjugative operations are recorded. Where applicable, the measurements of fluid compression (pressure difference) during circuit breaker operation are also recorded.
No load operating cycle can be performed on the circuit breaker to draw the no-load travel curve. The curve should be within the prescribed envelope of the reference mechanical travel characteristics.
N.B: The parameters should be measured and recorded during operation test of circuit breaker, are given below
Closing time of each pole
Closing time difference between poles or closing mismatch time
Opening time of each pole
Opening time difference between poles or opening mismatch time
Close-Open time of each pole
Time difference between two conjugative opening operation (O-C-O)
Maximum bounce of moving contact during closing operation
Total bounce of moving contact during closing operation
Over travel of moving contact
Contact speed for closing in deg/ms (as transducer is of rotary type)
Contact speed for opening in deg/ms (as transducer is of rotary type)
Damping time during opening
Spring charging time
When sub assemblies of circuit breaker are fitted together at site, the mechanical travel characteristics of the breaker should confirm the correctness at the end of the commissioning test on site. If this is done on-site, the manufacturer should prescribe the exact procedure of doing that otherwise the result may be different and the comparison of the instantaneous contact stroke may be impossible to achieve. The mechanical travel characteristics of circuit breaker contacts are produced by using travel transducer or similar device connected to the circuit breaker contacts mechanism.
In addition to this, each connection in the control and auxiliary circuit in the circuit breaker kiosk should be checked. It should also be checked whether control and/or auxiliary switches correctly indicate the open and close position of circuit breaker. All auxiliary equipments should also be operated correctly and smoothly for specified maximum and minimum allowable control voltage supply.
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