Motora Endamên Têk-Vangûnayî

Motora Split Phase, ya da başkaca diye Resistance Start Motor, yek parê rotor tayîn e. Statora we bi du bûna windings ne: winding main û winding destpêk. Du bûna wan 90 derce di navber de vegerin, ev rêza ji bo seroperi motora weraz dike.

Winding main ji ber rezistança xweya bikuha û inductive reactanceya bilind e, herêmî wê winding destpêka rezistança bilind û inductive reactanceya xweya bikuha e. Dibeja propertiyên elektrik yên di navbera du bûnan de weraz dike ji bo pêşkeftina torqueyê ku dibejiye hewl bike motora. Şekla qonexe motora li jêr hate nîşan kirin, dike wê çawa wan komponentan di cihane elektrik de hewce bike:

Resistor bi winding auxiliary (destpêk) serî hatine lê zelbavkirin. Di vê rêzan de, kurrantên bi du bûne windings re nisandînin. Belki vê, magnetic field rojgarî nisandî ye, ku ji bo dibejiya torqueyê ya destpêkê wereqetî ye. Herêmî, torqueyê ya destpêkê di navbera 1.5-2 ji torqueyê ya şopandinê de ye. Li dema destpêk, hem winding main û winding destpêk bi paralel bi navbera gundeyê hatine lê zelbavkirin.

Yekê motora bi piştgiriya 70-80% ji speede synchronous, winding destpêk otomatîk hatine veqetand. Ji bo motoran ku rating an pêwendeya 100 Watts an zêde, switch centrifugal çendî hatine bikar bînin ji bo vê veqetandin. Belki, ji bo motoran ku rating an pêwendeyan ên, relay hatine bikar bînin ji bo vê veqetandin.

Relay bi winding main serî hatine lê zelbavkirin. Di dema destpêk de, pir amûra kurrant bi cihanê re hatine çû, ku ji bo îro contacts relay nêzike hatine bigirin. Ev serokatiya winding destpêk bi cihanê re hatine lê zelbavkirin. Heke motora yekê çavkanin operasyonê, kurrant bi relay re hatine biçûn. Naha, relay vêgire, ji bo vê veqetandin winding auxiliary ji navbera gundeyê. Li dema vê, motora bi tenê winding main da hewl bike.

Phasor diagram Split Phase Induction Motor, ku rastî relationships û phase differences di motorda de nîşan dide, li jêr hate nîşan kirin:

Kurranta bi winding main, IM, bi voltage V nisandî ye bi 90 derce. Belki, kurranta bi winding auxiliary, IA, bi line voltage tevahî ye. Dibeja phase relationship di navbera du bûnan de resulte dike time difference di navbera kurrantên wan de. Yekê time phase difference ϕ 90 derce nabe, herêmî 30 derce, bi vê fersa rojgarî magnetic field hatine pêşkeftin. Ev rojgarî magnetic field ji bo destpêk motora û operasyonê wekhevî ye.

Torque - Speed Characteristic Split Phase motor, ku nîşan dide ji bo torque output motora ji bo rotational speed, li jêr hate nîşan kirin. Ev curve characteristic valuable insights di verjin operasyonan de nîşan dide û ji bo understanding behavior û optimizing use motora di applications de şoreşî ye.

Di torque - speed characteristic Split Phase motor de, n0 marks rotational speed di dema switch centrifugal activate. Torqueyê ya destpêk resistance - start motor herêmî 1.5 ji torqueyê full-load e. Bi piştguhî 75% ji synchronous speed, motora maximum torque dikare pêşkeftin ku herêmî 2.5 ji torqueyê full-load e. Lasa, li dema destpêk, motora kurrantê mezin dikare lê bigere, ku herêmî 7-8 ji value full-load e.

Reverse direction Resistance Start motor process straightforward e. E dikare bi reverse line connection bi main winding an winding destpêk re pêşkeftin. It's crucial to emphasize that this reversal can only be carried out when the motor is at a standstill; attempting to reverse it while in motion can lead to mechanical and electrical damage.

Applications of Split Phase Induction Motor

Split Phase Induction Motors ji bo affordability yê neşan dide. Wan ji bo applications involving loads easy to start, especially when frequency of starting operations relatively low. Due to their limited starting torque, these motors are not ideal for drives requiring more than 1 KW of power. Nevertheless, they find extensive use in a wide range of common household and industrial appliances:

• Home Appliances: They power components such as washing machines and air-conditioning fans, facilitating the smooth operation of these essential devices.

• Kitchen and Cleaning Equipment: In the kitchen, they drive mixer grinders, while in cleaning applications, they are used in floor polishers, making daily chores more convenient.

• Fluid Handling and Ventilation: Blowers and centrifugal pumps, which are vital for ventilation and fluid transportation in various systems, often rely on Split Phase Induction Motors for their operation.

• Machining Tools: These motors also play a role in drilling and lathe machines, contributing to the precision and efficiency of machining processes.

In summary, the Split Phase Induction Motor, with its distinct characteristics and practical applications, remains a valuable component in the world of electrical engineering.