Ko karamin da ake gano GW4 Isolators

A cikin substation, yawan isolating switches yana da zama biyu zuwa hudu na circuit breakers. Saboda haka, babban yadda ake yi wajen samun installation da commissioning. Don voltage levels da suka fi 110 kV, GW4-type isolating switch yana zama babban equipment. Idan workmanship da mechanical dimensional adjustments ba su dace, za a iya shafi masu problemi kamar incomplete opening/closing, overheated contacts, ko kuma fracture da porcelain insulator. Saboda haka, ita ce abubuwan da ya danganta a kan bayanin installation da commissioning don isolating switches. Daga tsohon ilimi na mai rubutu, an faɗa bayanai game da procedures na installation da commissioning wannan type na isolating switch don in bayarwa.

1.Structure and Operating Principle of the GW4-Type Isolating Switch
Don in iya yanayi techniques da methods na installation da commissioning, ya kamata a tabbatar da fahimtar structure da operating principle na switch.

1.1 Structure of the Isolating Switch

1.1.1 Structure of the Isolating Switch
GW4-type isolating switch yana da double-column horizontal rotating structure, wanda yake gina three single-phase units. Kullum single-phase unit yana da base, insulating columns, da conductive parts, da kuma manual ko electric operating mechanisms.

1.1.2 Structure of the Earthing Switch
Earthing switch yana da stationary contact wanda yake fix a conductive tube na isolating switch da movable contact rod wanda yake mount a base.

1.1.3 Structure of the Manual Operating Mechanism
Manual operating mechanism yana da operating handle wanda yake rotate 90° (ko 180°) a horizontal (ko vertical) plane, rainproof cover, da auxiliary switch wanda yake house inside.

1.1.4 Electric Operating Mechanism
Main components na electric operating mechanism sun hada da electric motor, gear reducer, auxiliary switch, limit switch, selector switch, contactor, da circuit breaker.

1.2 Operating Principle of the Isolating Switch

1.2.1 Operating Principle of the Isolating Switch
Idan output shaft na operating mechanism yake rotate 90° (ko 180°), yana drive vertical tube → operating shaft rotates 90° (ko 180°) → operating crank arm → active pole na operated phase rotates 90° → horizontal linkage rod → active poles na other phases rotate 90° → cross linkage rod → driven poles rotate oppositely by 90°, achieving three-pole interlocking operation.

1.2.2 Operating Principle of the Earthing Switch
Operating mechanism yana drive transmission shaft da horizontal linkage rod to rotate earthing switch’s rotating shaft by a certain angle, thereby achieving opening or closing.

1.2.3 Operating Principle of the Manual Operating Mechanism
Idan handle yana operate, output shaft na mechanism yake rotate, driving auxiliary switch connected to main shaft. During opening or closing operations, corresponding contacts are opened or closed to send respective open/close signals.

1.2.4 Operating Principle of the Electric Operating Mechanism
Motor starts, driving worm gear reduction unit; main shaft rotates, actuating connected isolating switch to open or close.

2.Installation of the Isolating Switch

2.1 Principles of Installation
Proper installation da commissioning suna da muhimmanci ga normal operation na isolating switch. A cikin haka, good installation yana da haɗin half na successful commissioning. Saboda haka, during installation, principle of “level horizontally and plumb vertically” must be strictly followed.

(1) Bases na all three phases must be vertically aligned—i.e., lie in same horizontal plane—to ensure horizontal linkage rods remain coplanar.

(2) Bases na all three phases must be flush front-to-back—i.e., driven da driving poles na each phase must respectively lie in same vertical plane—to ensure horizontal linkage rods remain coplanar.

(3) Bases na all three phases must be parallel left-to-right to ensure proper coordination of horizontal linkage rod lengths.

(4) Porcelain insulators na all three phases must be perfectly vertical—to keep horizontal linkage rods coplanar da ensure good contact surface alignment.

(5) Output shaft na operating mechanism must be coaxial with operating shaft na operated phase—to minimize required operating torque.

2.2 Installation Requirements for Individual Components

(1) Insulating parts—must be intact da meet specifications.
(2) Rotating (transmission) parts—must be lubricated, flexible, da free of binding; if not, apply MoS₂ or similar grease.
(3) Fixed parts—must be securely fastened without looseness.

2.3 Precautions During Installation

(1) Rated current must comply with design requirements.
(2) Installation direction na earthing switch must meet requirements. For single-side earthing, it can be left- or right-grounded; typically, earthing switch is located on switch side.
(3) Opening direction na isolating switch must meet requirements. When facing operating mechanism, opening direction na isolating switch should align with observer’s line of sight.
(4) Left da right contact positions must be correctly installed: left contact (finger contact side) is mounted on driving pole side, da right contact (contact head side) on driven pole side.
(5) Main blade operating mechanism is usually installed beneath phase A operating shaft.
(6) Phase-to-phase distance: not less than 2 m for 110 kV, and not less than 1.2 m for 35 kV.

3.Commissioning of the Isolating Switch

3.1 Yadda Ake Iya Karkashin Samun 'Yan Aiki
Yadda ake iya karkashin samun 'yan aiki shine, tun daga cikin samun daidai da adal, a tattara duka fassara masu alama da kyawawan sama da hukuma.

3.2 Tattara na Karkashin Samun (daga tafo zuwa mafi yawa)

3.2.1 Tattara na Tsakiyar Gida

(1) Tattara tsakiyar gida don ya fi shi daidai.

(2) Take da kashi da kyawawan Crank Arm 1 (da ita ce ma take da horizontal linkage rod) da Crank Arm 2 (da ita ce ma take da cross linkage rod) suka fi dace a nan kowane sassa. Crank Arm 3 (da ita ce ma take da main blade operating crank arm) ya canza da takammi: wasu suna fito shi a base shaft (kamar yadda ake nuna a Figure 1); wasu sun bukatar sake fitar da shi a cikin horizontal linkage rod. Idan dokokin yanayin tattara an bayyana, yi daidai; bale, tattara don haka cewa ba tare da kan samun 'yan aiki, angalan da kyau da watafi masu karfi suka fi dace. (Idan Crank Arms 1 da 2 ana fitar da shi a cikin shaft, ba za a iya tattara kyawawan da kashi.)

(3) Tattara positioning screw don ya fi jirgin da positioning stop plate 1-3 mm.

3.2.2 Tattara na Porcelain Insulators

Zan iya tattara da shims, amma lura cewa take da kashi da shims da aka fiye a nan kowane wurin ba zan iya kasance 3 mm, da kuma duk shims da aka fiye a nan kowane wurin zan iya sake fitar da shi.

(1) Kyawawan porcelain insulators zan iya la'akari.
(2) Take da kashi da kashi da tsakiyar kowane sassa a nan kowane pole.

3.2.3 Tattara na Conductive Contacts
Cire screws na terminal block da ke dogara conductive rod, sannan koyar ko kasa conductive rod don ya fi shi daidai.

(1) Duk kowane conductive rods (zama da hagu) a nan kowane pole zan iya la'akari—cane, kashi da kashi da tsakiyar suka fi dace, da kashi da kashi da tsakiyar 5 mm, da kuma suka fi shi daidai a nan kowane line horizontal, kamar yadda ake nuna a Figure 2.
(2) Take da kashi da kashi da tsakiyar left da right conductive rods a nan kowane sassa.
(3) Take da kashi da insertion depth na contact fingers a nan contacts a nan kowane sassa. Idan dokokin takammin ake bayyana ɗaya, tattara daidai; idan babu, amma an bayyana Figure 3, tattara daidai; idan babu ɗaya da kuma Figure 3, tattara daidai. Idan insertion yana fi kadan, area na contact ba zan iya la'akari ba; idan yana fi kadan, impact force yana iya haƙa da insulator. Saboda haka, ba closing, clearance (margin) na 4-6 mm zan iya la'akari a nan contact fingers da contact base, da kuma insertion depth na contact fingers a nan closing zan iya la'akari 90% na total contact depth.

3.2.4 Tattara na Operating Pole

(1) Tattara na Open Distance:
Ba closing, angle na conductive rod da centerline na base zan iya la'akari 90°–92°. Idan ba zan iya la'akari angle daidai, yana da hanyar da zan iya amfani da tape measure don tattauna cewa left da right conductive rods suka fi shi daidai a nan kowane end. Difference na ±10 mm a nan distances na kowane end zan iya la'akari.

(2) Tattara na Operating Pole da Operating Mechanism:
Sake fitar da body da mechanism a nan closed position, sannan konektar da su (idandaza ake amfani da flexible connection). Idan ake amfani da rigid connection, sake fitar da joint a nan kafin kiyaye (perform full welding kafin ake kammala duk tattara). Yi wata open-close operation daidai, sannan tattauna cewa operating pole ya samu positions na full open ko closed.

• Idan pole ba zan iya samu closed fully, tattara length na cross linkage rod: "lengthen idan closure yana fi kadan; shorten idan over-closed."

• Idan pole ba zan iya samu open fully, tattara length na operating crank arm (cane, Crank Arm 3 a Figure 1): "shorten idan opening angle yana fi kadan; lengthen idan yana fi kadan."

Note: "Shortening for insufficient opening" zan iya samun hanyar biyu: either by increasing the length of the operating crank arm or by increasing its included angle; conversely, "lengthening" can be done by reducing the angle or shortening the arm.

Additionally, angular travel na pole body da mechanism zan iya la'akari. Saboda haka, idan ake tattara operating crank arm, zan iya tattauna opening angle da travel angle na mechanism daidai.

• Idan pole body ya samu positions na proper open/closed amma mechanism ba, wannan na nufin cewa travel (ko angle) na mechanism yana fi kadan. A nan lokacin, reduce required travel na pole body by shortening the operating crank arm.

• Conversely, idan mechanism ya samu position amma pole body ba, lengthen the operating crank arm.

3.2.5 Three-Pole Interlocking Adjustment

Three-pole interlocking adjustment zan iya samun hakan da duk terminal plates na isolating switch suka fi normal busbar tension. Amma, idan ba, zan iya sake tattara ba tare da busbars suka fiye konektar da su.

Ba operating pole (cane, Phase A) ya samu tattara daidai, sake fitar da duk poles a nan closed position, install horizontal linkage rods, sannan yi wata open-close cycle. Tattauna cewa other two poles suka samu positions na proper open/closed.

Tsohon daidaito na tsohuwar fadin kamar goma biyu shi ne ta hanyar yin amfani da takalmomi masu sauki. Idan a lokaci na yin daidaito, idan wani babban kamar goma ya zama mai yin takalma da kyau, ya kawo ciyawa a kan takalmomi masu sauki da kamar goma biyu, sannan za a yin daidaitoci da kwamfyuta tsarin halitta.

Idan bayan samun daidaito, idan abubuwa masu sauki da kuma kusa sauka ba su shiga daidai, ya yi amfani da "haliyar nuna": ya kawo barazan bayan ruwan da kuma kusa daidai, sannan za a yin daidaito zuwa wannan barazan - amma ya fara da jin daidaito da aka tabbatar da shi a cikin tushen masana'anta.

Matsayin misalai (da ake iya hasashen Phase A shine babban kamar goma):

(1) Duk kamar goma uku suna da daidaito amma bane su shiga daidai da kuma kusa sauka → ya kawo daidaito da kyau a kan tsari na halitta.
(2) Duk kamar goma uku suna shiga daidai da kuma kusa sauka amma bane su da daidaito → amfani da haliyar nuna a kan tsarin halitta don in ba daidaito da kyau.
(3) Phases A da B suna da daidaito, amma Phase C baa (amma dukana suka amfani da kyau) → ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phase C.
(4) Phases B da C suna da daidaito, amma Phase A baa → ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phase A.
(5) Phases A da C suna da daidaito, amma Phase B baa → ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phase B.

(6) Duk kamar goma uku suna da daidaito, amma Phases A da B ba su shiga daidai da kuma kusa sauka → ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phases A da B don in ba daidai, ko kuma ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phase C don in ba daidai da kamar goma biyu, sannan za a yin daidaito da kyau a kan tsari na halitta.
(7) Duk kamar goma uku suna da daidaito, amma Phases B da C ba su shiga daidai da kuma kusa sauka → ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phases B da C, ko kuma ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phase A don in ba daidai da kamar goma biyu, sannan za a yin daidaito da kyau a kan tsari na halitta.
(8) Duk kamar goma uku suna da daidaito, amma Phases A da C ba su shiga daidai da kuma kusa sauka → ya kawo daidaito a kan tsarin halitta AB da BC, ko kuma ya kawo daidaito a kan tsari na halitta na Phase B don in ba daidai da kamar goma biyu, sannan za a yin daidaito da kyau a kan tsari na halitta.
(9) Haliyar da na da damu: duk kamar goma uku ba su da daidaito da kuma kusa sauka → ya kawo daidaito da kyau a kan tsarin halitta, tsarin halitta, da kuma tsari na halitta ta hanyar amfani da haliyar nuna don in ba daidaito da kyau.

Saboda haka, tushen daidaito na tsohuwar kamar goma uku shine: daidaito ya kamata da daidai, kusa sauka ya kamata da daidai, da kuma kusa sauka ya kamata da daidai. Idan wasu daga cikinsu suka faruwa, ya kamata a kunshi da kusa sauka, amma ya iya kawo daidaito da kyau a kan kusa sauka idan an bukata.
(Lura: Don haliyar da na da tsarin halitta da kuma tsari na halitta da tsakiyar kasa, ya kamata a kawo daidaito da kyau a kan tsakiyar kasa a kan abubuwan da suka faruwa.)

3.2.6 Daidaito na Tsakirin Kusa Suka da Kusa Sauka

Bayan samun daidaito na tsohuwar kamar goma uku, ya kawo daidaito da kyau a kan tsarin halitta da kuma tsari na halitta. Sannan za a yin daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kusa suka da kusa sauka da kuma tsakirin kasa zuwa 1–3 mm.

3.3 Samun Amfani da Tushen Kusa Sauka

Samun amfani da tushen kusa sauka ya faru a kan lokacin da an samu tushen kusa suka ta hanyar daidaito. Tushen ya dace, amma wannan abubuwan da ya kamata a duba:

(1) Tsarin halitta na tushen kusa sauka suna da yin amfani da pipe clamps. Saboda haka, idan a yi daidaito a kan tsakirin kasa, ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, da kuma ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, da kuma ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, saboda idan ba a yi daidaito da kyau, za a faruwa a kan tsakirin kasa da kuma tsakirin kasa.
(2) Ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa da kuma tsakirin kasa. Idan a yi daidaito da kyau, ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, da kuma ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, da kuma ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, saboda idan ba a yi daidaito da kyau, za a faruwa a kan tsakirin kasa da kuma tsakirin kasa.
(3) A kan tsakirin kasa, ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa. Idan an bukata, ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, da kuma ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, da kuma ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa, saboda idan ba a yi daidaito da kyau, za a faruwa a kan tsakirin kasa da kuma tsakirin kasa.

3.4 Daidaito na Tsarin Halitta Mafi Yawan Damu

Bayan samun amfani da tushen kusa suka da kuma tushen kusa sauka, za a yin daidaito na tsarin halitta mafi yawan damu - wannan ya nuna samun amfani da tushen kusa suka da kuma tushen kusa sauka.

Yin daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa da kuma tsakirin kasa a kan tsarin halitta mafi yawan damu ta hanyar:

• Idan tushen kusa suka ta shiga, ba za a iya shiga tushen kusa sauka;
  (2) Idan tushen kusa sauka ta shiga, ba za a iya shiga tushen kusa suka.

3.5 Samun Amfani da Tushen Halitta Mafi Yawan Damu

Tushen halitta mafi yawan damu ya faru a kan lokacin da an samu tushen mafi yawan damu. A lokacin daidaito, ya kamata a duba:

(1) Yawanci na daidaito - kadan da ake iya amfani da shi ba ya fi 1 kgf.
(2) Daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa - tushen daidaito ya kamata a yi daidaito da kyau a kan tsakirin kasa zuwa 4/5 na daidaito a kan tsakirin kasa.

3.6 Samun Amfani da Tushen Halitta Mafi Yawan Damu

Samun amfani da tushen halitta mafi yawan damu ya dace da tushen halitta mafi yawan damu. Abubuwan da ya kamata a duba sun haɗa:

(1) Duk da duka cikin yankin.
(2) Tashar kable na gaskiya; yi wasu ayyukan zuwa/na'ura da kai/hagu biyu don tabbatar da ayyukan ya zama daidai.
(3) Idan za a tafiya don bayyana rayuwa, koyi wani lokaci masu shiga da shiga, sannan yi ayyukan.
(4) Tsawon motori yana da kyau a duba da tsari na bukata/kada da gwamnati.
(5) Mafi girma da mafi girman kayayyakin da suka fi sani da jihohin bukata/kada na gwamnati.

4. Kammala

Saboda hanyoyin isali suna nufin da suka da gine a wurare kan abubuwan magana, waɗannan abubuwa da suke faruwa sun hada da fuskantar kafin kula da kuma karshen sauran hanyoyin isali, wanda ke da ita a haifar da ayyukan da ba a sanin da suka faruwa, da kuma ya ba da dalilin lafiya mai zurfi a tattalin arziki.

Fahimtata da yanayin, addinin da ake amfani da su, da kuma addinin da ake gina da ake fito hanyoyin isali, zai iya taimakawa wajen karkashin hanyoyin da ba a sanin da suka faruwa, da kuma inganta tsohon hankali a mayar da aiki, da kuma haɗa da muhimmanci ga lafiyar abubuwan magana da ke da muhimmanci a wurare kan tattalin arziki na zamani.