Bincike di Tîkên Bina an Jêhate Pêşkeftina Sisteman 20 kV ji Dega Pirazra Êlezêrî

1. Daxwazîna Proje
Proje ya nû yên demên zelî yên Jakarta–Bandung û hêsan deyê, bi dola mezin 142.3 km, ku ji wan 76.79 km (54.5%) pîçeyên serdem, 16.47 km (11.69%) tûnel, û 47.64 km (33.81%) sînora. Çar stasyon—Halim, Karawang, Padalarang, û Tegal Luar—hatin bûyerin. Dola mezin ên dema zelî yên Jakarta–Bandung 142.3 km e, bi çendîna herêmî 350 km/s, bi spasiya du raya 4.6 m, ku ji wan 83.6 km track bê ballast û 58.7 km track bi ballast. Sisteman berzêdekirina nîrgirînê AT (Autotransformer) an jî rêzikarana berzêdekirina nîrgirînê.

Berzêdekirina derveyê bi dihêvî 150 kV, heke sisteman distresiyê bi 20 kV. Bilekên û posisyonanên catenary ya dema zelî yên bi standard û disignerên China hatin alîkar kirin. IEE-Business wekî şirketê ke materialên bikirin, destpêkê çalak bike û hêsan sisteman berzêdekirina nîrgirîn û berzêdekirina guherbarî yên dema zelî yên Jakarta–Bandung di Indonesia de, û heta bahêk da ku bi provisional sums financîn hatin.

2.Şema Daftarê Cihazê Berzêdekirina 20 kV
2.1 Serbestbûna Elektrikî û Moda Operasyona 20 kV
Serbestbûna elektrikî 20 kV bi tekmilêkêk serbestbûna tek birî û serbestbûna bus-tie circuit breaker bi transfer automatîk serbestbûna. Pîça serbestbûna 20 kV through-feeder hatin, ku pas dihêvî voltage regulator da, hatiye serbestbûna 20 kV comprehensive load through-feeder line û 20 kV primary through-feeder line. Nokta neutrala voltage regulator bi resistor kuçek hatiye serbest kirin, û switch bypass ji bo voltage regulator nehatiye saz kirin.

Di dema operasyonê normal de, du girîngê hatiye serbestbûn û bus-tie circuit breaker li serbexiya vekirin. Heke girînga yek parastî, incoming circuit breaker li tarafê werda vekirin û bus-tie circuit breaker bi automatîk hatiye serbestbûn, û girînga din hatiye serbestbûn bi barî substation load. Cihaza compensasyonê nîrgirînê reaktîf hatiye saz kirin li pîça serbestbûna 20 kV through-feeder, ku dikare ku faktorê nîrgirînê li serbexiya substation ne be biçuk 0.9 pas compensasyon.

2.2 Plana Çiçekê
Hemû substations bi binên operasyon û jiyan yên station-area li serbexiya yekî hatiye saz kirin, basen cihaza Tegal Luar EMU Depot substation bi binên yekî ve hatiye bûyerin. Navber û navtirî cable interstitial floors nehatiye saz kirin. Serbexiya yekî daxuyaniya voltage regulator (ji bo primary û comprehensive through-feeders), compensasyon nîrgirînê reaktîf, cihaza grounding neutral, makina komunikasyon, depo spare parts, high-voltage switchgear, control room, tool room, û rest area. Kablên li serbexiya substation bi cable trenches hatiye serbestbûn.

Girêdanên navber voltage regulator room, reactive power compensation room, neutral grounding equipment room, û high-voltage room bi conduits pre-embedded hatiye saz kirin. Li serbexiya station, substation navber road û fire lane xas nehatiye saz kirin. Trench utility outdoor integrated hatiye saz kirin, ku bi cable supports saz kirin; kablên incoming û outgoing bi vê trench hatiye serbestbûn, ku power cables û low-voltage/control cables bi opposite sides of the trench hatiye serbestbûn. Baskiyan din bi cable trenches û conduit installations hatiye serbestbûn.

3.Pêşgotina Destpêka

• Surveyê Şert: Piştî destpêkê, kontraktor divê surveyê şert bi bîra belgeyên dizaynê piştgirî û data relevant bikin, û rapora surveyê şert bi bîra terren, geolojî, road transport, conditions building equipment, û routing utility trench integrated bîre bikin.

• Verifikasyonê Drawing Construction: Kontraktor divê drawing construction piştgirî li şert verifikasyon bikin û bîrseribîyê ya wan bi bîra accuracy bîre bikin. Her çend ku discrepancy hatiye paqîtkirin, divê bi bîra client, designer, û supervising engineer bi bîra solution bîre bikin.

• Bi bîra survey û drawing verifikasyon, kontraktor divê pelana implementation detailed û manual work instruction bi bîra distribution substation bikin, ku standart process, requirement quality control, û interface needs li serbexiya procedures key îro bîre bikin, û technical briefing bi bîra QR-code-based name bikin.

• BIM Optimization: Di phase early construction de, teknolojî BIM bi bîra simulation installation equipment û routing cable li 20 kV distribution substation bikin. Vê enable optimized layout bi bîra equipment û arrangement trench/pipeline li serbexiya building, simulated routing cable li indoor û outdoor cable trenches, optimized pathways cable, û precise determination locations support bracket. Visualization û capability simulation BIM help avoid conflicts spatial li serbexiya construction û improve efficiency.

4.Optimization Process Detail
4.1 Layout Cable Trench li Distribution Substation
Substation bi structure yekî ve hatiye saz kirin, û branch cable trenches bi individual equipment rooms hatiye jêbirin. Navber foundations li voltage regulator room, reactor room, û small-resistor grounding room û high-voltage/control rooms, conduits steel pre-embedded hatiye saz kirin, ku bi height second-level cable support from bottom bi high-voltage room cable trench hatiye serbestbûn. Ji bo facilitate cable pulling, pre-embedded conduit navber outdoor utility trench û high-voltage room cable trench optimization into form trench hatiye saz kirin, wall-penetration plates bi crossings wall hatiye saz kirin.

4.2 Installation Busbar li Voltage Regulator Room
Bracket support cable termination horizontal single-layer li voltage regulator room bi adding angled steel bracing beneath bracket horizontal optimize hatiye, stability enhance û prevent shaking. Cables enter voltage regulator from top, brackets installed at height 2,500 mm. Shield layer û armor cable terminations high-voltage separately grounded.

 Hemî dârên bina serbest û pêşkêşkirin bi barên çelikê yekparast û ya vêjî hatin parastî. Barên miskîn destpêkan kablên bi terminolojen rêgulanterên bêhêran de hatin parastî, bi pêvekên termalên qirxandin yên bi şîrên rêngeya faze hatin parastî. Ji bo şopandina karûbaran, derên meshi istînî yên bi derka lêgerîn û derka bêdardestkirina (bi serketina elektrîkî yên ku tenê da ku swîcê ya bêhêran veke hatiye serketin) hatin saz kirin. Der û derka bêdardestkirina wekheviyên din ji bo parastina ewlekha û dayîna wêjekeyên jiyayên bêhêran hatin saz kirin.

4.3 Sazkirina Dârên Kabl
BIM-based cable pre-laying simulation enabled segregated routing: power source side 1, power source side 2, primary through-feeder side, and comprehensive through-feeder side are laid on separate sides of the trench, preventing a fault on one power line from damaging the other. Cable bending radii are respected, and precise positioning of each cable on supports determined the optimal support type and location.

 BIM collision detection adjusted support heights to avoid cable crossovers. All horizontal rungs of supports are aligned on the same plane, with center deviations ≤5 mm. Supports are fixed to pre-embedded steel plates on trench walls, with the bottom of supports ≥150 mm above the trench floor. In the integrated utility trench, cable supports are grounded using 40 mm × 4 mm flat steel, with two grounding leads connected to the integrated grounding system.

4.4 Karûbaran Bêdardestkirina Kabl

• Cable Arrangement Principle: Cables of different voltage levels shall be arranged from top to bottom in the order of high-voltage power cables, control cables, and signal cables. Cables of different classifications or the two circuits of primary loads shall not be placed on the same support level.

• Design Refinement: Based on drawings, cable laying techniques allow deeper design refinement, enabling a complete and systematic construction plan that ensures smooth workflow integration and enhances safety and quality control.

• Traction Force Calculation: Traction machines are set at the endpoint, with cable feeders placed approximately every 1 m. Based on experience, an additional 10 cm is added at bends for traction force calculation.

• Site Inspection: Before laying, inspect equipment installation conditions. Ensure traction force remains below the cable’s allowable tensile strength. Conduct safety checks on cable laying machinery and survey the site to confirm cable reel placement; adjust immediately if standards are not met.

• Cable Laying Execution: Prior to laying, prepare labels and numbering based on drawings by qualified technicians. On-site supervision ensures correct cable routing and model usage. During mechanical laying, cables must show no armor flattening, twisting, or sheath damage. Use a crane to position the cable reel, supported by a dedicated payout stand to allow top-end unwinding and prevent ground friction. Install cable pulling grips on terminations before traction. Qualified technicians must supervise equipment operation and feeder machine placement: a main traction machine at the endpoint, feeders spaced 80–100 m apart, and large-radius sheaves at bends.

• Cable Fixing: After laying, fix cables at start/end points and both sides of bends, with fixing intervals of 5–10 m. Apply “lay one, tie one” binding principle and re-secure cables from the start point backward. For cables on trays, hang identification tags at both sides, bends, and intersections; on straight sections, tags every 20 m. Tags must uniformly display cable number, specification, start/end points, and voltage.

• Cable Circuit Inspection: After laying, inspect the entire cable circuit, associated components, and facilities. Verify tag accuracy, check for missing/wrong installations, and confirm quality compliance. To ensure safe operation:

• Install partitions between AC/DC cables or circuits of different voltages when not sharing a tray;

• Ensure all trench covers are in place and trenches are free of obstructions and water;

• Perform insulation withstand and leakage current tests per standards;

• Verify terminal alignment and grid compatibility during acceptance.

4.5 Çareser û Fireproofing Measures
All penetrations between fire compartments, building entries, floor slabs, and openings beneath HV/LV cabinets must be fire-stopped. Fire-stopping materials must comply with Indonesian standards for performance, test methods, general technical specifications for cable fire-retardant coatings, and technical requirements for flame-retardant cable wraps. Flame-retardant cables are used indoors. Non-flame-retardant cables entering the substation must be wrapped with flame-retardant tape or coated with fireproof paint.

5. Integrated Construction and Maintenance
During construction, operation and maintenance units were involved early to align construction and maintenance standards, laying the foundation for a high-quality, aesthetically pleasing, and eco-friendly HSR. On one hand, close coordination with the taking-over entity during design briefings, specification reviews, and technical liaison meetings helped refine process standards and equipment/material performance requirements based on operational experience. On the other hand, during construction—while meeting design and code requirements—processes were optimized from an operational safety and maintainability perspective, including improvements to cable trenches, cable maintenance access, junction boxes, grounding, protective mesh barriers, and signage, thereby enhancing operational safety and physical quality.

6. Pêşnûmara
Bi guman, teknolojî yên binafêrka cihên derbariye elektrik yên HSR di hêviyên navbera da jêr biceribin, û zêdetir mühendis têne encamên yekbûyî yên ser projeyên HSR pê u bikin. Beterinên di teknolojîya elektromagnetîk de, bistînin çêd a BIM, û berhêrin sisteman dersalinên verengên nû hemî destnîşan dike ku piştgiriya integrasiyonê ya "Çar Elektrik" (elektrik, isyan, telekom, û tarak) ya HSR. Ev gotar bi amadeya digehîna agahdarên mezin yên ji bo piştgiriya bêtir bike.