Mkakati wa Usimamizi wa Ubora na Utambuzi wa Mvinyo wa Umeme

2yrs + staff 1000+m² US$300,000,000+ China

I. Mazingira ya Matatizo
Miamala ya umeme ni mbinu msingi ya mawasiliano ya mifumo ya umeme. Ufanisi wao unahesabu kwa ukuaji wa upatikanaji wa umeme, usalama wa kazi, muda wa kutumika wa vifaa, na uwezo wa kupunguza hatari za magonjwa kama moto. Miamala isiyofanikiwa hupelekea maswala mengi sana, ikiwa ni kuongezeka kwa ukubwa, kuongezeka kwa joto, kupungua mzunguko, kuongezeka kwa hatari ya moto, na kuongezeka kwa magonjwa ya taarifa. Kwa hivyo, kuunda mfumo wa ufunguo wa ufanisi na utafiti wa kutosha unaohusisha vitu vilivyotengenezwa hadi zile zilizotengenezwa ni muhimu.

II. Maono ya Mpango

Ufunguo wa Chanzo: Hakikisha kwamba vitu vyote vya chanzo vilivyotumiwa katika tenganisho la miamala yanayofanana na viwango vyenye kiwango cha kimataifa na sektori (k.m., GB/T 3956, GB/T 12706, GB/T 19666, ndc.).
Ufugaji wa Mchakato: Fufuga parameta muhimu na ufanisi wa mchakato wa msaada katika mchakato wa tenganisho.
Ufanisi wa Bidhaa: Hakikisha kwamba idadi yote ya matukio muhimu ya miamala yaliyotengenezwa - ikiwa ni elektroni, fiziki & nguvu, na ufanisi wa moto - yanayofanana au kukabiliana na maagizo ya mifano na miundombinu.
Ufugaji wa Hatari: Pata vipimo muhimu kwa kutumia mtazamo wa utafiti ili kupunguza bidhaa ambazo hazitoshi kuingia katika soko na kupunguza hatari za kutumika.
Ufuatiliaji: Unda mfumo mzima wa rekodi za utafiti wa ufanisi ili kufuatilia chanzo cha vitu muhimu na matokeo ya utafiti wa bidhaa.

III. Suluhisho Muhimu: Ufugaji na Utafiti wa Ufanisi wa Miamala ya Umeme

(A) Ufugaji na Utafiti wa Ufanisi wa Vitu vya Chanzo (Ufunguo wa Chanzo)

1. Uthibitishaji na Ufanyi kwa Wahimbiaji:

Chagua wahimbiaji wenye ufanisi wa chanzo unaopendekezwa na mfumo wa ufugaji wa ufanisi (k.m., ISO 9001), uwezo wa kunipatia chanzo kwa urahisi, na jina bora la sektori.
Fanya utafiti wa chanzo kwa kila wakati au athibitisho la chache kutoka nje kwa vitu vya wahimbiaji.

2. Utafiti wa Vitu Vya Chanzo Muhimu:

Vitu vya Kutenganisha (Kibanga/Kibanga):

Maelezo ya Utafiti: Tafuta chembechembe (kiasi cha kibanga, vibanga), nguvu za kimwili (nguvu ya kujaza, kuzuia, kurudi kwenye mzunguko), kupimwa kwa upimaji (kwenye 20°C).
Rufaa Rais: GB/T 3953 (Kibanga Cha Kibanga Cha Kibanga Cha Kibanga), GB/T 3954 (Vibanga vya Kibanga), GB/T 3956 (Vitendawili vya Kibanga), ndc.
Njia za Utafiti: Chembechembe (k.m., spectrometer), mashine ya kujaza, Wheatstone bridge, au resistance meter.

Vitu vya Kutenganisha na Kutenganisha (PVC, XLPE, PE, LSZH, ndc.):

Maelezo ya Utafiti:

Nguvu za kimwili: Aina, ukubwa, uwavu wa uzito, nguvu ya kujaza & kuzuia, ufanisi wa kuzingatia kabla na baada ya uchawi.
Nguvu za elektroni: Resistance ya ukubwa/sura.
Nguvu za joto: Kupungua kwa joto, hot set test (kwa XLPE), low-temperature impact/bend test.
Ufanisi wa Moto (kwa LSZH/Flame Retardant Materials): Oxygen index, smoke density, acid gas content, halogen content (for halogen-free requirement).

Rufaa Rais: GB/T 8815 (Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride Compounds), GB/T 15065 (Crosslinked Polyethylene Insulation Compounds), GB/T 18380 (Tests on Electric Cables Under Fire Conditions - Single Flame Test), GB/T 17651 (Measurement of Smoke Density), GB/T 17650 (Halogen-free, Low-smoke Materials and Products), and other applicable standards.
Njia za Utafiti: Universal material testing machine, aging oven, resistivity tester, hot set test device, oxygen index analyzer, smoke density chamber, chemical analyzers.

Shielding Material (Copper Tape/Wire): Thickness, resistance, coverage rate.
Filling/Bedding Materials: Water resistance (if applicable), mechanical strength, compatibility.

3. Testing Requirements:

All incoming raw materials must be accompanied by the supplier's Certificate of Analysis (COA)/Certificate of Conformity (COC).
Perform batch sampling inspection upon receipt based on defined sampling plans (e.g., GB/T 2828.1). Sampling frequency may be increased or full batch inspection implemented for critical materials (e.g., conductor, main insulation material).
Raw materials failing inspection are strictly prohibited from use in production.

(B) Production Process Quality Control (Process Monitoring)

1. Key Process Parameter Monitoring:

Conductor Stranding: Lay ratio, outer diameter, compaction (conductor).
Extrusion Process: Temperature settings and control per zone, extrusion pressure, line speed, cooling process (significantly impacts crystallinity).
Cross-linking Process (for XLPE): Irradiation dose/vulcanization temperature & time (critical for degree of cross-linking), cooling conditions.
Shielding Process: Coverage rate, overlap quality.
Cabling: Lay length, core stability.
Sheath Extrusion: Thickness uniformity, surface quality, printing legibility.

2. Process Sampling:

Establish online or offline inspection points at critical stages (e.g., after extrusion, cross-linking, cabling, sheathing).
Common Sampling Items: Insulation/sheath thickness and eccentricity, outer diameter, structural dimensions, appearance (surface defects), spark test / withstand voltage test (online/offline), partial physical property sampling (e.g., tensile).

(C) Finished Cable Quality Control and Testing (Final Verification)

1. Type Testing (for new products or first batch of important contracts): Perform all tests specified in relevant standards (e.g., GB/T 12706.1/2) to comprehensively verify design conformity.
2. Routine Tests (Per Batch / Per Drum / Per Reel):

Core Items:

Conductor DC Resistance Test: Measure the resistance of each conductor to verify compliance with nominal cross-section requirements (GB/T 3956). This is fundamental for ampacity and heating calculations.
Partial Discharge Test (Essential for MV/HV cables): Detect minute defects within the insulation that may lead to long-term failure (GB/T 3048.8, GB/T 12706). Extremely Important!
Voltage Test (Withstand Voltage Test):

Power Frequency AC Withstand Voltage: Most common. Apply multiple rated voltage (e.g., 2.5U₀) for a specified duration (e.g., 5 min). Insulation must not break down.
DC Withstand Voltage (Specific applications): Used for certain cable types or as a supplement to AC tests.

Insulation Resistance Measurement: Measure the resistance between conductor and shield/metallic sheath/earth, reflecting the insulation material's basic insulating properties (GB/T 3048.5/6).

3. Sample Tests (Batch Sampling or Periodic Tests):

Electrical Performance:

Capacitance measurement (if applicable).
Dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) measurement (especially for HV cables).

Structural Dimensions and Physical Properties:

Insulation and sheath thickness measurement: Ensure compliance with minimum design requirements.
Outer diameter measurement: Control tolerances.
Physical & Mechanical Performance Tests:

Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break (insulation/sheath) before/after aging: Key indicators, reflecting material's anti-aging capability and toughness (GB/T 2951.1).
Hot Set Test (Essential for XLPE insulation): Verify the degree of cross-linking compliance (GB/T 2951.21).
Low Temperature Impact/Bend Test: Assess material brittleness at low temperatures.
Flexing/Bending Test: Simulate installation and operating conditions to test cable flexibility (GB/T 12527).

Bending Test: Verify the cable's minimum allowable bending radius (usually performed on finished cable).
Fire Performance Tests (As per design requirements):

Single vertical flame test (GB/T 18380.1 series).
Bunched flame test (GB/T 18380.3 series).
Smoke density test (GB/T 17651).
Halogen-free, Low-smoke performance tests (Acid gas content, pH value, conductivity, light transmittance, halogen content - GB/T 17650).

Structural Examination: Conductor structure, shield coverage rate, core arrangement, filling density, metallic armor layer (dimensions, lay length, overlap gap), etc.

4. Testing Process:

Assign unique identification per finished cable batch/drum/reel.
Select representative samples according to defined sampling plans (per GB/T 2828.1 or contract requirements).
Conduct tests in accredited laboratories, adhering to current and valid national standards, industry standards, enterprise standards, or contract technical agreements.
All test items must have clearly defined pass/fail criteria.
Record test results in the finished product test report.

(D) Third-Party Verification and Inspection (Optional but Recommended)

For major projects, high-value cables used in critical locations, or upon specific user request:

Engage accredited independent third-party testing institutions (e.g., with CNAS/CMA accreditation) to perform sampling/re-testing of incoming materials or finished products.
Commission professional inspection agencies to witness and conduct on-site observation (audit/surveillance) during cable production (especially key processes) and final testing.

IV. Quality Testing Agency and Equipment Assurance

Accreditation: Laboratories performing testing tasks must possess relevant accreditation (e.g., CNAS, CMA).
Equipment Requirements: Equipped with comprehensive, fully functional testing equipment of requisite accuracy, regularly calibrated and verified (according to JJG procedures):

High-voltage test equipment (Power Frequency AC, DC, Impulse, Partial Discharge Systems).
Precision Bridges, Resistance Meters.
Universal Material Testing Machines (with high/low temperature chambers and aging ovens).
Hot Set Test Apparatus.
Fire Test Equipment.
Precision Measuring Tools (Calipers, Projectors).
Chemical Analysis Instruments (Spectrometer, Titrator, Ion Chromatograph, etc.).
Thickness Gauges (Laser, Ultrasonic).

Personnel Requirements: Testing personnel must be professionally trained, proficient in standards and operating procedures, and hold valid certification.

V. Non-Conforming Product Handling

Identify and isolate any product found non-conforming during any stage (raw material, process, finished goods).
Conduct non-conformance review to analyze the root cause.
Based on the review conclusion, implement one of the following actions: Re-work/Repair (if feasible upon evaluation and core performance is unaffected), Downgrade/Use as Concession (only for non-critical scenarios with user approval), or Scrap.
Strictly prohibit non-conforming products from reaching the project site in any form.

VI. Records and Traceability

Establish complete electronic and physical backup records of all inspections, including at least:

Raw Material Supplier Information, Batch Number, Purchase Order Number, Raw Material Test Reports.
Production Batch Number, Operation Logs (Key Parameters), Process Inspection Records.
Finished Product Identification (Type, Specification, Length, Manufacturing Date, Batch/Drum/Reel No.), Complete Finished Product Test Report (covering all mandatory and optional test results), Copy of Type Test Report (if applicable).
Third-Party Test/Inspection Reports.

Maintain archives for the defined period (typically not less than the product's expected lifecycle) to ensure product quality traceability. In case of quality issues, enable rapid tracing back to raw material batches, production conditions, and test data.

07/31/2025

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