Prinsip Kerja Jenis Relay Jarak atau Relay Impedansi

Yana da wata abu mai suna ne relay tana iya yi aiki ta hanyar yadda kyau da take faruwa a cikin likitoci. A gaba daya, tana iya yi aiki ta hanyar zamu daga wurin da take faruwa zuwa wurin da ake koyar da relay. Waɗannan relays suka shafi ne distance relay ko impedance relay.

Prinsipin Aiki na Distance ko Impedance Relay

Prinsipin aiki na distance relay ko impedance relay yana da muhimmanci. Yana da wata voltage element daga potential transformer da kuma current element daga current transformer na system. Torgin da ya faruwa ya samu daga CT da kuma torgin da ya ciye waɗanda suka samu daga voltage na potential transformer.

A lokacin da ake amfani da ita, torgin da ya ciye yana da yawa mafi yawan torgin da ya faruwa. Saboda haka relay ba za a yi aiki ba. Amma a lokacin da take faruwa, current yana zama mafi yawa baki daya voltage yana zama kadan. Don haka, torgin da ya faruwa yana da yawa mafi yawan torgin da ya ciye da kuma abubuwan din relay suka haɗa wanda ya ƙare No contact na relay. Saboda haka, prinsipin aiki na distance relay yana nuna kan ratio na voltage da current na system. Kafin a duba ratio na voltage da current ba tare da impedance ba, saboda haka distance relay yana shafi ne impedance relay.
Aiki na waɗannan relay yana nuna kan value na voltage to current ratio da aka faɗada. Wannan ratio ba tare da impedance ba. Relay zai yi aiki kawai idan ratio na voltage to current yana zama kadan da yawan value na faɗada. Saboda haka, zan iya cewa relay zai yi aiki kawai idan impedance na likitoci yana zama kadan da yawan impedance (voltage/current) na faɗada. Kafin impedance na transmission line yana da yawan yadda takwashe, zan iya cewa distance relay zai yi aiki kawai idan take faruwa a cikin yadda takwashe na faɗada.

Tsunukan Distance ko Impedance Relay

Yana da tsunuka biyu na distance relay–

1. Definite distance relay.

2. Time distance relay.

Za a bayyana ta hanyar.

Definite Distance Relay

Wannan shine ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan balance beam relay. A wannan, ana ɗaya beam mai tsari mai tsammi a karkashin hinge. Ƙaramin beam yana ɗaukan magnetic force na voltage coil, daga potential transformer. Muhimmin beam yana ɗaukan magnetic force na current coil daga current transformer. Torgin da ake faruwa daga waɗannan ɗaukan forces, beam yana ɗauka a matsayin equilibrium position. Torgin da ya faruwa daga voltage coil, yana daɗi restraining torque da kuma torgin da ya faruwa daga current coil, yana daɗi deflecting torque.

A lokacin da ake amfani da ita, restraining torque yana da yawa mafi yawan deflecting torque. Saboda haka, contacts na distance relay suna ɗauka. Idan take faruwa a cikin feeder, a lokacin da ake magance, voltage na feeder yana zama kadan da kuma current yana zama mafi yawa. Ratio na voltage to current i.e. impedance yana zama kadan da yawan value na faɗada. A wannan yanayi, current coil yana ɗauka beam mafi yawa voltage coil, saboda haka beam yana ƙare wanda ya ƙare relay contacts da kuma circuit breaker na impedance relay zai trip.

Time Distance Impedance Relay

Wannan delay yana ajiyar da operating time ta ta hanyar yadda kyau da take faruwa a cikin likitoci. Time distance impedance relay zai yi aiki kawai ta hanyar ratio na voltage to current, operating time ta tana da yawan value na ratio. Yana nufin,

Bunshi na Time Distance Impedance Relay

Relay yana da wata current driven element kamar double winding type induction over current relay. Spindle carrying disc na element yana ɗauka spiral spring coupling zuwa spindle na biyu wanda yake ɗauka bridging piece na relay contacts. Bridge yana ɗauka a matsayin open position da armature wanda ake ɗauka pole face na electromagnet excited by voltage of the circuit to be protected.

Prinsipin Aiki na Time Distance Impedance Relay

A lokacin da ake amfani da ita, attraction force na armature daga PT yana da yawa mafi yawan force generated by induction element, saboda haka, relay contacts suna ɗauka. Idan short circuit fault yana faruwa a cikin transmission line, current a cikin induction element yana zama mafi yawa. Induction element yana ɗauka rotation. Speed of rotation na induction elements yana nuna kan level of fault i.e. quantity of current in the induction element. A lokacin da disc yana ɗauka, spiral spring coupling yana ɗauka till tension of the spring yana da yawa mafi yawa don pull armature away from pole face of the voltage excited magnet.

Angle through which disc travels before relay operate yana nuna kan pull of the voltage excited magnet. Daga ɗaya, ɗaya, travel of the disc. Pull of this magnet yana nuna kan line voltage. Daga ɗaya, ɗaya, pull, ɗaya, ɗaya, travel of the disc i.e. operating time is proportional to V.
Again, speed of rotation of induction element approximately proportional to current in this element. Hence, time of operation is inversely proportional to current.

Therefore time of operation of relay,

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