Tambayar da Addinin Karkashin Littattafai da Amfani a Fannin Ingantaccen Ilimi na Turanci don Sistemai na Bayan Kwacewa a Tsarin Tukuna

1. Kiritingin Sistemin da Kyakkyawan Amfani
Abubuwa masu tashar karamin jirgin kasa na Zhengzhou Rail Transit’s Convention & Exhibition Center Main Substation da Municipal Stadium Main Substation suna amfani da kyakkyawan star/delta winding connection ta hanyar muhimmanci mai tsarki. A cikin yanayi 35 kV bus, ana amfani da Zigzag grounding transformer, wanda yana haɗa da ƙasa ne tun daga ƙwarewa, kuma ana amfani shi don bayyana abubuwan ƙasa. Idan yanayi na ɗaya ɗaya suka faruwa a cikin gasar, zai faruwar da lokacin ɗaya daga grounding transformer, grounding resistor, da grounding grid, wanda zai ƙunshi zero-sequence current.

Wannan ya ba da damar inganta ingantaccen, zaɓuɓɓukan zero-sequence protection a cikin gasar suke yi da gaskiya da kuma sauransu, kuma zai haɗa da circuit breakers daban-daban, saboda haka zai ƙare gasar da kuma ƙara yadda aka fi sani. Idan grounding transformer yana ƙoƙarin bace, zai ɗaukar da systemin da ba ta ƙasa. A cikin wannan al'adu, gasar na ɗaya ɗaya zai ƙare da kyautar ƙasa da kuma abubuwan ƙasa. Saboda haka, idan protection na grounding transformer yake yi, babu da lafiya da ba a haɗa da grounding transformer da kuma main transformer daban-daban.

2. Muhimman Nuna na Tsari na Ingantaccen
A cikin sistemi na bayyana Convention & Exhibition Center Main Substation da Municipal Stadium Main Substation na Zhengzhou Rail Transit, ingantaccen na grounding station service transformer yana ɗaukantar overcurrent protection kawai. Idan gasar yana haɗa da grounding transformer suka ƙoƙarin bace, zai ƙoƙarin bace switchgear rike, amma ba a haɗa da incoming power feeder breaker ba.

Wannan ya ba da damar da yanayi suke yi da tsawon lokaci da ƙasa, saboda haka, idan gasar na ɗaya ɗaya yana faruwa a cikin wannan al'adu, yana iya faruwar da overvoltage ko kuma protection system ba su iya samun zero-sequence current, wanda zai ƙare da zero-sequence protection ya ƙoƙarin bace ko kuma ba a yi, kuma zai ƙara yadda aka fi sani da kasa na ƙasa daban-daban.

A cikin haka, a lokacin da ake yi automatic transfer (bus tie auto-switching) operations, grounding station service transformer a cikin yanayi da ba ake bayyana ba ba a haɗa da ƙoƙarin bace. Wannan zai ƙare da mafi ƙasa da yanayi biyu suka ƙare da bus tie breaker, wanda zai ƙunshi two-point grounding condition a cikin systemin. Wannan two-point grounding scenario zai ƙare da abubuwa biyu masu gaskiya: (1) misclassification na zero-sequence current a lokacin gasar, wanda zai ƙare da protection refusal to operate ko kuma false tripping; da (2) circulating currents an haɗa da zero-sequence current, wanda zai ƙare da abubuwan ƙasa suka ƙarfin da kuma ƙara kyautar.

Tsari na ingantaccen da yake da su yana da nuna masu gaskiya. Ingantattun da suka da su ba su iya samun tasirin grounding transformer kawai, ba su da interlocking logic da incoming power feeder breakers ko kuma bus tie breaker, ba su da blocking/interlock mechanisms na buƙata.

3. Tattaunawa Don Inganta Nuna na Tsari na Ingantaccen

3.1 Tattaunawa na Ingantattun

Ƙara “Grounding Station Service Transformer Trip Interlock” Soft Logic

• Trigger Condition:Circuit breaker na grounding station service transformer ya ƙoƙarin bace.Idan an amfani da low-resistance grounding, disappearance of grounding resistor current zai iya ƙara da ita a matsayin ƙarin addini.

• Interlock Trip Logic Design:Trippa incoming power feeder breaker: Idan grounding station service transformer ya ƙoƙarin bace da ba a kan ƙarin ƙasa a cikin yanayi, trippa incoming power feeder breaker don kare bayyana zuwa yanayi na ɗaya.Trippa bus tie breaker: Idan mafi ƙasa biyu suka ƙare da bus tie breaker, trippa bus tie breaker don ƙare da yanayi da ba ta ƙasa.

• Technical Implementation Recommendation:Ƙara zero-sequence current protection. Idan an yi overcurrent ko kuma zero-sequence current, protection device ya ƙoƙarin bace switchgear rike da kuma ƙara interlock-trip commands zuwa incoming feeder breaker da bus tie breaker. Protection device manufacturers zai yi ƙarin interlock logic diagram da kuma software upgrades basu haka.

3.2 Ingantattun Daga Zero-Sequence Voltage

• Zero-Sequence Overvoltage Blocking/Tripping Function:Ƙara zero-sequence overvoltage protection zuwa bus protection scheme a cikin hanyar backup idan grounding station service transformer ya ƙoƙarin bace. Idan zero-sequence voltage ya ƙara da set threshold da lokacin da yake da time delay, trippa incoming feeder ko kuma bus tie breaker automatically.

• Coordination with Grounding Transformer Status:Haɗa da zero-sequence voltage protection function da operational status signal na grounding station service transformer:Idan grounding transformer yana ƙara da aiki, zero-sequence voltage protection yana yi a hanyar alarm mode.Idan grounding transformer ya ƙoƙarin bace, zero-sequence voltage protection zai ƙoƙarin bace a hanyar trip mode.

• Implementation Notes – Anti-Maloperation Measures:Ƙara time delay don ƙara false tripping saboda transient disturbances.Yi “AND” logic criteria (misali, zero-sequence voltage + grounding transformer off-status) don inganta gaskiya.

3.3 Control Circuit Modification (Hardware Enhancement)

• Ƙara hardwired interlock circuits bayan grounding station service transformer protection device da incoming feeder breaker protection device. Idan grounding transformer ya ƙoƙarin bace, trip signal na output terminal na protection device → triggers output terminal na incoming feeder protection device → trips incoming feeder breaker.

• A cikin yadda aiki na gagarautar da take daɗi, idan wasan sauci na gagarautar ya bayar siffar tushen da za su yi aiki a kan tushen mai kafa, ta fi yawa ya bayar siffar tushen daga fadon tushen da take daɗi → zuwa fadon wasan sauci na tushen mai zama → don tushen tushen mai zama.

3.4 Yadda A Gagarautar Da Take Daɗi A Cikin Yawan
Kamar yadda ake nuna a Tafidan 1, duk Option 1 da Option 2 sun buƙatar nasara da takamatare wasan saucin. Amma, Substation Mai Tsari na Center Convention & Exhibition da Substation Mai Tsari na Municipal Stadium sun zo ne, kuma wasu masana a cikinsu suna cikin rike. Idan an yi Option 1 ko Option 2, zai buƙata hukumar da yake so kuɗi a yi takamatare software, wanda zai iya haɗa da lafiya da kudin. Saboda haka, ma'aikata aiki sun zaba Option 3 - yadda a gagarautar da take daɗi a cikin yawan da ake magance hardwired interlock circuits.

Idan wannan kisa da aka yi na gaban tashin zafi, yana bukatar bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa. A lokacin da ake bincike, an sami cewa fadada ɗaya, biyu, da uku suna cikin kusa. Ba da shi ne, a lokacin da muhimmin harkokin zane da shi, masu inganci suka maimaita kan mai sarrafa tattalin arziki don in ba da izinin aiki (wannan ita ce "matsayin izinin aiki"). Mai sarrafa tattalin arziki ya yi tsarin kawo alamar daidai kamar yadda ake bukata, kuma ya haɗa izinin aiki idan yana da kyau.

Don bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa: fadada biyu (gagantun 517/518) a cikin kusurin siffofin labari 5# ta wuraren WCB-822C—wadanda suka zama gabas—ya danganta a cikin tsarin kawo alamar da aka fi sani. Tsarin kawo alamar ya bar da gagantun 13/14 ta fadada biyar (gagantun 13/14) a cikin kusurin siffofin fitar 4# ta wuraren WBH-818A ta wakiltar kasa masu fitar. Bayan aika daga gagantun, wakiltar kasa masu fitar ya zama. An yi tsarin kawo alamar a cikin wakiltar zafi da wakiltar kasa masu fitar, kuma an yi amfani da tsarin kawo alamar da ke saukarwa. Idan ka ci gaba ko ka rufe, za su iya bayyana cewa babban tsarin kawo alamar yana da darasi ko ba.

Bayanin bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa a wasu manyan kasa suna da muhimmanci kamar yadda ake bayyana a nan. A lokacin da ake yi bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa a wasu manyan kasa, an yi amfani da fitar masu kasa don in ba da jin daidai, kuma in kara ma'ana ga tattalin arziki a matsayin wani ƙasa.

Ba da damar bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa, an yi bincike don in duba darasi ga bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa. Idan an duba cewa yana da kyau, an yi amfani da tushen bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa.

Don bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa na zafi a lokacin da ake yi tsarin kawo alamar bayan kasa (BATS): a lokacin da ake bincike, an sami cewa fadada uku zuwa biyar suna cikin kusa. Ba da shi ne, a lokacin da muhimmin harkokin zane da shi, masu inganci suka maimaita kan mai sarrafa tattalin arziki don in ba da izinin aiki. Mai sarrafa tattalin arziki ya yi tsarin kawo alamar kamar yadda ake bukata, kuma ya haɗa izinin aiki idan yana da kyau.

Don bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa na zafi na kasa na ɗaya: an yi amfani da tsarin kawo alamar da aka fi sani. Fadada uku (gagantun 519/520) a cikin kusurin siffofin labari 5# ta wuraren WBT-821C—wadanda suka zama gabas—ya danganta a cikin tsarin kawo alamar da aka fi sani, kuma ya bar da gagantun 514/515 ta fadada ɗaya (gagantun 514/515) a cikin kusurin siffofin fitar 5# ta wuraren WCB-822C a cikin wakiltar zafi na kasa na ɗaya. Bayan aika daga gagantun, wakiltar zafi ya zama. An yi tsarin kawo alamar a cikin wakiltar zafi da wakiltar kasa, kuma an yi amfani da tsarin kawo alamar da ke saukarwa. Idan ka ci gaba ko ka rufe, za su iya bayyana cewa babban tsarin kawo alamar yana da darasi ko ba.

Don bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa na zafi na kasa na biyu: an yi amfani da tsarin kawo alamar da aka fi sani. Fadada hudu (gagantun 311/312) a cikin kusurin siffofin labari 3# ta wuraren WBT-821C—wadanda suka zama gabas—ya danganta a cikin tsarin kawo alamar da aka fi sani, kuma ya bar da gagantun 514/515 ta fadada ɗaya (gagantun 514/515) a cikin kusurin siffofin fitar 5# ta wuraren WCB-822C a cikin wakiltar zafi na kasa na biyu. Bayan aika daga gagantun, wakiltar zafi ya zama. An yi tsarin kawo alamar a cikin wakiltar zafi da wakiltar kasa, kuma an yi amfani da tsarin kawo alamar da ke saukarwa. Idan ka ci gaba ko ka rufe, za su iya bayyana cewa babban tsarin kawo alamar yana da darasi ko ba.

Bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa na zafi a lokacin da ake yi tsarin kawo alamar bayan kasa (BATS) ya zama a lokacin da ake yi bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa a cikin wani ƙasa.

4. Tabbacin

A cikin tattalin arziki da ba su da tashin zafi, tashin zafi yana da muhimmanci sosai don in ba da kyau da ilimi a tattalin arziki. Amfani da tashin zafi na bayar da 'yan abubuwa masu kasa wanda ake bayyana a nan, yana da muhimmanci sosai don in ba da kyau a tattalin arziki, kuma in kara ma'ana ga abubuwan da suka zama gabas saboda aiki da baya tashin zafi. Idan za a yi amfani da tashin zafi, ya kamata a yi bincike masu daidai kamar yadda ake bukata, kafin a yi amfani da tashin zafi.