چۆن دەبێت ترافۆیەک بە دروستی پێکەنێرێت و ڕاگرێت؟

1 Pirsgirêka da Transformer û Parastina

• Pergirîna ber bi ser kerda û parastina pergirîna werin.

• Pergirîna werin: Pergirîna ku ji bo îmankirina hewçên karanîya cihazan bûyerdiyekdar e.

Pergirîna parastina: Pergirîna ku ji bo pêşkêşkirina vebiyêna qapîlan dana transformeran, rêzan ên taybetmendiyên switchgear, û transmission towers ji bo energîzekirina bikarhêner û cihazan. Buna, pergirîna neutral point ya transformer di pergirîna werin de ye.

1.1 Monitoringa Operasyonel

Di substationên ku nav neyên navberdan, navberan divê, li ser rêzikên hejmaran, temperatureyên oil, çîçekên atmosfer, temperatureyên herêmî, û şeşavên atmosfer monitor bike. Temperatureyên oil anîn li ser pêşbinan bigere û biceribine an jî çêtir nabe. Eger çêtir bibe, sêbati bixwîne. Sistemeyên oil circulation cooling divê du derbarê power supply independant bînin ku hewçandina automatic switchover bêsin. Ger operasyona power supply têkildar bibe, sistem bi automatic switchover yê standby power supply bigere û alarm signal ji bo pêşgotina navberan bidibe.

1.2 Testa Projeya

1.3 Parastina Cihazên Cooling ya Transformer

Tanka transformer dike wek shellên dehêl de, core, windings, û oil ya transformer dest pê kirin, û heman ser rûniyên heat dissipation pirzanyar e.

Wêze cihazên cooling ya transformer ya ku heta difference temperatureyên layera oil yê ser diha transformer de form kirina circulation oil bi radiatoran. Oil ji bo radiatoran girêdayîye û bi tanka were hatine, ku ji bo reduce temperatureyên oil re. Ji bo improve efficiency cooling, measures wate air cooling, forced oil-air cooling, û forced oil-water cooling bêne karî kirin.

2 Maintenance û Care ya Transformer

Key maintenance û care ya transformer dike dust removal. Li ser clean dust lêser surface yê insulating components. Dust accumulation lêser surfaces divê regular remove bikin bi bo prevent malfunctioning yê equipment cooling û obstruction heat dissipation. Navberan dikarin methods below follow bikin:

2.1 Dust Removal

Li ser maintenance, safety regulations divê strict follow bikin. Hemû power sources divê disconnect bikin, û verification of de-energization divê perform bikin piştî maintenance begin.

• Conduct a comprehensive inspection of oil temperature and cooling equipment.

• Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from heavily dusted areas; other insulating surfaces may be wiped clean with a dry cloth.

• Check whether all temperature measuring instruments and their circuits are functioning normally.

• Perform maintenance and care in accordance with the corresponding maintenance manual.

• Inspect the fixed power circuits for any looseness; if found, take immediate corrective action.

2.2 Maintenance of Aged Transformers

Lift the tank cover to inspect the core, or lift out the core for inspection; inspect windings, leads, and electromagnetic shielding; inspect the core, core fasteners, clamping bolts, pressure plates, and grounding strips; inspect the oil tank and accessories, including bushings and breathers.

Inspect auxiliary equipment such as coolers, oil pumps, fans, valves, and piping; inspect safety protection devices; inspect oil preservation devices; inspect temperature measurement devices; inspect and test the control cabinet; inspect off-circuit tap changers or on-load tap changers; perform drying treatment of the core; process or replace transformer oil; clean the oil tank and repaint; conduct post-overhaul tests and trial operation.

2.3 Transformer Classification

By application: Transformers can be classified as special transformers, power transformers, and power supply transformers used in electronic technology. By cooling method: They can be classified as air self-cooled, oil-immersed self-cooled, and oil-immersed air-cooled transformers. Different maintenance and care methods apply depending on the transformer type. Therefore, personnel must follow the relevant manuals when performing maintenance and care.

2.4 Daily Operational Precautions

During operation, check that the ambient temperature is within -4°C to 48°C. The transformer temperature must not exceed 100°C; if abnormalities are detected, handle them promptly. During hot summer weather, install ventilation and heat dissipation equipment to reduce excessive corrosive gases in the air, which is also beneficial to the health of inspection personnel. Pay attention to rainwater ingress; appropriate measures must be taken for sealing and drainage systems.

Monitor whether oil level, oil temperature, and sound are normal; check whether high- and low-voltage porcelain bushings show signs of discharge; verify whether the load carried by the transformer exceeds its rated power. Record current, voltage, power, and power factor, especially during parallel operation of transformers—pay close attention to oil pressure, oil temperature, and prevent circulating currents that could damage the transformer. Check whether the cooling system is operating normally and whether any faults have occurred.

3 Conclusion

The above covers common transformer testing procedures, causes of faults, and basic maintenance practices. It includes accident detection techniques during operation and summarizes methods for fault elimination. Transformers may frequently encounter issues and faults during operation, but as long as we remain careful and diligent in our work, many faults can be avoided. Regular maintenance and care are essential to reduce accidents and achieve expected operational efficiency.