Kung paano tama nga pag-inspeksyon ug pag-maintain sa usa ka transformer?

1 Pagsusi sa Transformer ug Proteksyon

• Ang grounding gipahayag og working grounding ug protective grounding.

• Working grounding: Ang grounding nga gibuhat aron mapasabot ang operational requirements sa mga equipment.

Protective grounding: Ang grounding nga gibuhat aron maprotektahan ang metal enclosures sa mga operating electrical equipment, structures sa mga switchgear installations, ug transmission towers giingon dili mag-energize, aron maprotektahan ang personal ug equipment safety. Kini nagpasabot nga ang grounding sa neutral point sa transformer kasagaran sa working grounding.

1.1 Operational Monitoring

Sa mga substation diin walay on-site personnel, ang inspection personnel kinahanglan mopantay sa maong regulasyon aron mobantay sa oil temperature, air pollution level, local ambient temperature, ug air humidity. Ihunahuna ang kasamtangan nga oil temperature reading sa previous measurement aron masabot kung adunay significant difference. Kon adunay kaayo nga difference, i-analyze ang rason. Ang oil circulation cooling system kinahanglan duha ka independent power supplies nga capable sa automatic switchover. Kon ang operating power supply mubalhin, ang sistema kinahanglan automatic switch sa standby power supply ug sama sa pagpadala og alarm signal para sa inspection.

1.2 Project Testing

1.3 Proteksyon sa Cooling Equipment sa Transformer

Ang tank sa transformer nagsilbi isip outer shell sa transformer, nga nag-abrihan sa core, windings, ug transformer oil, ug usab nagsilbi sa heat dissipation.

Ang function sa cooling equipment sa transformer mao ang pagbuhat og oil circulation pinaagi sa radiators kon adunay temperature difference sa upper oil layer sa transformer. Ang oil nag-cool sa pagdaan sa radiator ug mobalik sa tank, aron makurta ang oil temperature. Aron mapataas ang cooling efficiency, mahimong gamiton ang measures sama sa air cooling, forced oil-air cooling, o forced oil-water cooling.

2 Maintenance ug Care sa Transformer

Ang key sa maintenance ug care sa transformer mao ang dust removal. Kinahanglan moputli sa dust gikan sa surface sa insulating components. Ang accumulation sa dust sa surfaces kinahanglan regular na moputli aron maprotektahan ang cooling equipment nga dili moguba o heat dissipation nga dili madumdom. Ang maintenance personnel mahimong sundon ang methods sumala:

2.1 Dust Removal

Sa panahon sa maintenance, kinahanglan strict na ipatuman ang safety regulations. Ang tanang power sources kinahanglan disconnect, ug verification sa de-energization kinahanglan buhat bago moabot ang maintenance.

• Conduct a comprehensive inspection of oil temperature and cooling equipment.

• Use a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from heavily dusted areas; other insulating surfaces may be wiped clean with a dry cloth.

• Check whether all temperature measuring instruments and their circuits are functioning normally.

• Perform maintenance and care in accordance with the corresponding maintenance manual.

• Inspect the fixed power circuits for any looseness; if found, take immediate corrective action.

2.2 Maintenance sa Aged Transformers

Lift the tank cover to inspect the core, or lift out the core for inspection; inspect windings, leads, and electromagnetic shielding; inspect the core, core fasteners, clamping bolts, pressure plates, and grounding strips; inspect the oil tank and accessories, including bushings and breathers.

Inspect auxiliary equipment such as coolers, oil pumps, fans, valves, and piping; inspect safety protection devices; inspect oil preservation devices; inspect temperature measurement devices; inspect and test the control cabinet; inspect off-circuit tap changers or on-load tap changers; perform drying treatment of the core; process or replace transformer oil; clean the oil tank and repaint; conduct post-overhaul tests and trial operation.

2.3 Classification sa Transformer

By application: Ang transformers mahimong classify isip special transformers, power transformers, ug power supply transformers nga gigamit sa electronic technology. By cooling method: Mahimong classify isip air self-cooled, oil-immersed self-cooled, ug oil-immersed air-cooled transformers. Ang different maintenance ug care methods applicable depende sa tipo sa transformer. Kini nagpasabot nga ang personnel kinahanglan sundon ang relevant manuals sa pagbuhat sa maintenance ug care.

2.4 Daily Operational Precautions

Sa panahon sa operation, check kung ang ambient temperature adunay -4°C hangtud 48°C. Ang temperature sa transformer dili dapat mogawas sa 100°C; kon adunay abnormalities, handle promptly. Sa hot summer weather, install ventilation ug heat dissipation equipment aron mapugos ang excessive corrosive gases sa air, kini beneficial sa health sa inspection personnel. Pay attention sa rainwater ingress; appropriate measures must be taken for sealing and drainage systems.

Monitor kung ang oil level, oil temperature, ug sound normal; check kung ang high- ug low-voltage porcelain bushings show signs of discharge; verify kung ang load carried by the transformer exceeds its rated power. Record current, voltage, power, ug power factor, especially during parallel operation of transformers—pay close attention to oil pressure, oil temperature, ug prevent circulating currents that could damage the transformer. Check kung ang cooling system is operating normally ug kung adunay faults occurred.

3 Conclusion

Ang above covers common transformer testing procedures, causes of faults, ug basic maintenance practices. Kini includes accident detection techniques during operation ug summarizes methods for fault elimination. Ang transformers may frequently encounter issues ug faults during operation, pero as long as we remain careful ug diligent in our work, many faults can be avoided. Regular maintenance ug care essential to reduce accidents ug achieve expected operational efficiency.