Shaida Taurari Don Ina Karamin Mafi Yawan Abubuwa na Motoci na Ƙananan Servo

Motar da kawo-kawo na stepper, wanda ake amfani da su a cikin ingantaccen masana'antar zafiya, suna taimaka sosai wajen taimakawa hanyoyi da inganci. Amma, a fannin amfani, motoci ne na iya samun matsaloli saboda addinin kanzara, muhimmanci, ko mafi girman al'adu. Wannan takarda yana ba da amsa mai zurfi don sadarwa uku da dama, tare da misalai na aiki, don in taimaka masu ilimi su gane da sauran magance masu matsala.

1. Abin da Ya Faru a Motoci da Kyau

Kyau da abin da ya faru su ne manyan alamun matsaloli a cikin sistemi na motoci da kawo-kawo na stepper. A cikin zabe da ake yi a cikin linshi na aiki, an sami kyau mai yawa a lokacin da motoci ke yi aiki. Bayan bayyana, ana cewa tsarin kyau ta shiga da tsarin kyau na al'adu. Amsar da za a yi: kima, canza addin da suka da (misali, PA15, PB06) tunanar da motoci da kawo-kawo, kuma faɗa ayyukan filta mai yin tasiri a cikin kyaututtuka; kuma, tabbatar da ingancin tsarin da ake yi a cikin kofin da ake gudanar da motoci da al'adu—ingancin tsari da ake yi a cikin kofin yana bukata zai kasance kadan 0.02 mm; idan ake amfani da hanyoyin da ake gudanar da kofin, tabbatar da ingancin kisan kofin. Tabbacce, a lokacin da ake yi aiki a wuraren sifiyar da ake bi (misali, kadan 300 rpm), faɗa ayyukan Hybrid Decay mode zai taimaka wajen rage abin da ya faru a cikin kyaututtuka mai yawa. Don kyau mai yawa, faɗa ayyukan filta mai ferrite a cikin jerin jirgin motoci. Wanda ya yi aiki a cikin linshin daɗi, ya rage kyau da 12 dB tunanar da wannan ayyuka.

2. Gwadon Ingancin Yadda

A cikin machin da ake amfani da su a cikin CNC, an sami gwadon matasa da 0.1 mm/hour a lokacin da ake yi aiki na yawan karshe, wanda ake nuna cewa an sami matsala a cikin alamun encoder. Addin da za a yi: (1) amfani da probe mai farko-ƙarami don in tabbatar da ingancin alamun encoder (A+/A-, B+/B-); kiyaye da kabulobi mai kungiyar da ake gudanar da ƙaramin alamun idan an sami hankali a cikin tsari na alamun; (2) tabbatar da cewa tsarin gear ratio na elektronikin da ake fitowa (PA12 / PA13) ya shiga da tsarin gear ratio na al'adu—wanda ake yi a cikin linshi na aiki, an sami cewa an fitowa numerator mai yawa da 32767, wanda ya rage matasa da 0.03° a lokacin da ake yi aiki; (3) don encoder systems na absolute, yi aiki mai yin homing calibration kadan kadan, tare da amfani da dual-frequency laser interferometer don in rage matasa. A fannin amfani, faɗa ayyukan amplifiers mai yin isolation zai taimaka wajen rage ingancin alamun—wanda ya yi aiki a cikin linshi na aiki, ya rage ingancin alamun da ±1 μm bayan an yi ayyuka.

3. Faɗa Ayyukan Protection Mai Tsayiwa Da Motoci

Idan damin motoci ya faru da 80°C, protection mai tsayiwa zai faɗa aiki. A cikin robot da ake amfani da su a cikin injection molding, an sami Err21.0 matsaloli mai tsayiwa. Bayan bayyana, ana cewa: (1) addin da suka da a cikin current loop (PA11)—idandanan alamun da ake amfani da su ya faru da 60% na alamun da ake fitowa, kiyaye da alamun da ake amfani da su da 20% ya rage matsala; (2) babu da kungiyar da ya fi siffar motoci—faɗa ayyukan forced-air cooling ya rage damin motoci da 15–20°C; (3) don aiki na yawan karshe da karkasho, zaka da motoci da yake da tsarin inertia mai yawa. A cikin linshi na aiki, kiyaye da pulse resolution daga 1600 ppr zuwa 6400 ppr ya rage iron losses da 37%. Tabbacce: idan damin al'adu ya faru da 10°C, ya zama da yin rashin alamun da ake fitowa da 8%.

4. Yanayin Step Daga Suya

A wuraren sifiyar da ake bi (misali, daga 1500 rpm zuwa gaba), motoci da kawo-kawo na stepper suna iya samun yanayin step daga suka saboda babu da alamun mai yawa. A cikin chip mounter, an sami lagga da yadda a lokacin da ake yi aiki na yawan karshe. Addin da za a yi: (1) yin bincike a cikin S-curve acceleration/deceleration profiles—fitowa jerk (jerk parameter) da 30–50% na acceleration value; (2) duba hankalin voltage fluctuations—minimum operating voltage na 24V system ba zai zama kadan 21.6V; (3) don high-inertia loads, faɗa ayyukan feedforward compensation (parameter PF03) tunanar da servo drive. Wanda ya yi aiki a cikin linshi na aiki, ya rage high-speed step loss rate daga 0.3% zuwa kadan 0.01% tunanar da flywheel inertia compensation. Tabbacce: idan load-to-motor inertia ratio (JL/JM) ya faru da 30:1, ya zama da yin rashin motoci.

5. Duba Matsaloli Mai Hukuma Da Kalmomi

Sistemi mai bus-controlled (misali, EtherCAT, CANopen) suna iya samun timeouts mai hukuma. A cikin linshi na aiki na lithium battery, an sami disconnection na servo network kadan kadan, wanda ake nuna cewa: (1) babu da termination resistors wanda ke rage signal reflection—faɗa ayyukan 120Ω resistors a end nodes ya rage bit error rate da 90%; (2) tsarin network topology mai yawa—kiyaye da daisy-chain zuwa star topology ya rage reliability; a cikin linshi na aiki, fiber-optic repeaters ya rage communication latency daga 200 μs zuwa 50 μs; (3) firmware mai yawa na servo drive—bug mai CRC checksum ya zama da yin rashin a cikin version mai yawa. Muhimmi: don PROFINET networks, tabbatar da cewa device name da IP address da yake da ita suka shiga.

6. Faɗa Ayyukan Brake Malfunction

Don motoci da kawo-kawo na electromagnetic brakes, a cikin warehouse stacker crane, an sami post-power-off slippage. Addin da za a yi: (1) tabbatar da brake response time—24V brakes ya zama da yin rashin <50 ms; (2) duba wear da brake pad—kiyaye da brake pad idan remaining thickness <1.5 mm; (3) faɗa ayyukan pre-braking logic a cikin PLC program don in faɗa ayyukan brake signal 50 ms early. A cikin port AGV system, an faɗa ayyukan supercapacitor backup power don in taimaka brake engagement during outages. Don vertical-axis applications, recommend additional mechanical stops as secondary protection.

Advanced Optimization Recommendations

Daga ba a yi amsa da amsa, faɗa ayyukan preventive maintenance system: 

• Kwanaki record three-phase current imbalance (alert if deviation >10%); 

• Kwarta insulation resistance testing of windings with a megohmmeter (≥100 MΩ); 

• Amfani da built-in fault waveform capture na servo drive don in duba anomaly. A cikin linshi na aiki, automotive welding line, an sami cewa idan total harmonic distortion (THD) ya faru da 8%, probability of motor failure ya faru da fivefold—proactive replacement of filter capacitors improved MTBF by 40%.

Tunanar da systematic fault analysis and solution implementation, overall efficiency of stepper servo systems can improve by over 25%. Engineers are advised to maintain complete parameter backup archives to rapidly restore optimal configurations during equipment relocation or component replacement. With the advancement of predictive maintenance technologies, future integration of vibration sensors and current waveform analysis will enable more precise fault prediction.