Công tắc dầu là gì

Cầu chì dầu

Cầu chì dầu là một loại cầu chì sử dụng dầu làm môi trường điện介质油开关是一种使用油作为绝缘或灭弧介质的断路器。在油开关中，断路器的触点设计为在绝缘油内分离。当电气系统发生故障时，断路器的触点在绝缘油下打开，并在它们之间产生电弧。电弧的热量使周围的油蒸发。油开关主要分为两大类：

Bulk Oil Circuit Breaker

Low Oil Circuit Breaker

Construction of Oil Circuit Breaker

The construction of an oil circuit breaker is relatively straightforward. It comprises current - carrying contacts enclosed within a robust, weather - tight, and earthed metal tank. This tank is filled with transformer oil, which serves a dual purpose: acting as an arc - extinguishing medium and providing insulation between the live components and the earth.

At the upper part of the oil - filled space in the tank, air is present. This air cushion serves to regulate the displacement of oil when gas forms around the arc. Additionally, it absorbs the mechanical shock resulting from the upward surge of oil. The breaker tank is firmly bolted to withstand the vibrations induced when interrupting extremely high currents. The oil circuit breaker is also equipped with a gas outlet, which is installed in the tank cover to expel the gases generated during operation.

Working Principle of Oil Circuit Breaker

Under normal operating conditions, the contacts of the oil circuit breaker remain closed, allowing the flow of current. When a fault occurs in the electrical system, the breaker's contacts start to separate, and an arc is immediately struck between them.

The arc generates a substantial amount of heat, leading to a rapid increase in temperature. This high temperature causes the surrounding oil to vaporize into gas. The liberated gas then engulfs the arc, and as it expands explosively, it forcefully displaces the oil. The arc is extinguished when the distance between the fixed and moving contacts reaches a specific critical value. This critical distance is determined by factors such as the magnitude of the arc current and the recovery voltage.

The oil circuit breaker offers highly reliable operation and is cost - effective. One of its most significant characteristics is that it does not require any special devices to control the arc generated by the moving contacts. When using oil as an arc - quenching medium, it has both certain advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Oil as an Arc - Quenching Medium

• Oil possesses high dielectric strength. It not only extinguishes the arc but also provides insulation between the contacts after the arc has been extinguished.

• In a circuit breaker, the oil allows for a relatively small clearance between the conductors and earth - grounded components, ensuring efficient operation.

• During the arc - extinguishing process, hydrogen gas is formed within the tank. Hydrogen has a high diffusion rate and excellent cooling properties, which contribute to effective arc quenching.

Disadvantages of Oil as an Arc - Quenching Medium

• The oil used in an oil circuit breaker is inflammable, posing a potential fire hazard.

• There is a risk of the oil forming an explosive mixture when it comes into contact with air, which can lead to dangerous situations.

• When the oil decomposes due to the arc, carbon particles are generated. These particles contaminate the oil, gradually reducing its dielectric strength over time.

Maintenance of Oil Circuit Breaker

When a circuit breaker interrupts a short - circuit current, its contacts may sometimes become burnt as a result of arcing. Additionally, the dielectric oil in the vicinity of the contacts becomes carbonized, causing a loss of its dielectric strength. This ultimately leads to a reduction in the breaker's breaking capacity. Therefore, regular maintenance of the oil circuit breaker is crucial. Maintenance tasks typically involve checking the condition of the oil and replacing it if necessary, as well as inspecting and replacing the contacts to ensure the optimal performance and safety of the breaker.