Gidadiyar Gida na Insulaturi na Karamin Sule: Funguna Mata, Sabbin Tashin Ƙarfin Da Duniya, da Maimaitaƙa Don Inganta

Insulators suka fito da abincin porcelen kuma saboda haka suna da sunan insulators na porcelen. Suna da kayan yawan yadda da kafin tsirrai don zama da kyau a tashar jinsa. Insulators masu iya da dukkan yankunan lalacewa suka da alamar inganci da kayan yawa. Idan yanka lalacewa ya fi yawa, za a yi insulator da yawa mafi yawa da kuma yawan sheds mafi yawa.

1. Tushen Insulators

Insulators mai lalacewa masu yawan yadda da kuma kayan yawa. Su ne da nau'ukan biyu: insulators na station da insulators na line.

• Insulators na station an yi amfani da su a cikin substations. Insulators na station an kawo da post insulators da bushing insulators, kowace da wadannan ke da baya da bayan gida. Insulators na gida ana yi amfani da su da shed structure. A cikin substations, post insulators suna da busbars da live conductors a switchgear na gida da bayan gida, don haɗa cewa akwai kyau a tashar jinsa daga busbars ko live conductors zuwa ground. Suna da amfani a electrical equipment don haɗa cewa current-carrying conductors. Bushing insulators (ko bushings) suna da amfani don busbars da ke fara zuwa walls, fix conductors a enclosed switchgear, da kuma connect to external conductors (busbars).

• A gida, insulators na line suna da amfani don flexible busbars. Insulators na line suna da nau'ukan suspension insulators da pin insulators.

2. Sabbin Dabi'uka ta Damuwar Insulators

Dabi'uka ta damuwar insulators suna da:

• Amfani da rike da ba ake shirya, wanda ya haɗa cewa mechanical loads suna da yawa da ma'ana;

• Zabuwa da ba ake shirya, inda rated voltage na insulator ita ce mafi yawa da operating voltage;

• Damuwa daga karfin wannan, hail, ko mechanical forces;

• Surface contamination, wanda zai iya haɗa cewa flashover a lokacin rainy, snowy, ko foggy conditions;

• Excessive electromagnetic and mechanical forces acting on the insulator during short-circuit events in electrical equipment.

3. Sabbin Dabi'uka da Amfani Don Flashover Discharge na Insulators

• Sabbin dabi'uka ta flashover discharge na insulators suna da:

• Accumulation of dirt on the insulator surface and within shed cavities. Although the insulator may have adequate dielectric strength when dry, its strength decreases when wet, forming a discharge path and increasing leakage current, leading to surface breakdown and discharge;

• Even with minimal surface contamination, overvoltage in the power system can cause flashover discharge on the insulator surface.

• Ba a flashover discharge, surface insulation performance na insulator ya danganta da kuma ya kamata a yi replacement immediately. Non-flashed insulators should be inspected and cleaned. More importantly, maintenance and cleaning cycles should be established based on environmental conditions, with regular inspections and cleaning conducted to prevent flashover accidents.

4. Regular Inspection and Maintenance of Insulators

Over long-term operation, the insulation capability and mechanical strength of insulators gradually deteriorate. Busbar joints may also experience increased contact resistance due to thermal cycling. To ensure safe operation, maintenance must be strengthened, and regular inspections carried out. The following practices are generally recommended:

• Keep insulators clean and free of contamination. The porcelain parts should be free of cracks or damage, and regular cleaning and inspection should be performed.

• Check for flashover marks on the porcelain surface and inspect hardware for rust, damage, or missing split pins.

• Check bolted connections between busbars or between busbars and equipment terminals for looseness, overheating, or poor contact.

• Inspect busbar expansion joints for cracks, creases, or broken strands.

• In dusty or corrosive environments, increase the frequency of insulator cleaning and implement effective anti-pollution measures.