Kula Ƙaramin Dukkada na 35kV

Tahalilu da Maimaitaccen Tashin Yawanci a Ingantaccen 35kV

1. Tahalilu na Tashin Yawanci

1.1 Tashin Yawanci Masu Alaka da Hanyar

A cikin hanyoyin karamin kuliya, tsari na tushen yadda ake kula da shi yana da muhimmanci. Don inganta abin da ke neman kuliya, ana bukatar da ake fadada masu alaka da hanyar—wanda ya ba da muhimman nasara a kan iya gudanar. A wasu lokutan da ake amfani da hanyoyi, ake fara a wurare da mutane don haske maimaita rayuwar. Amma wurare masu alaka suka da ma'ana mai zurfi, wanda ya ba da iya gudanar da hanyar da kuma aiki da shi da zama da muhimmiyar. Iya gudanar, aiki da kuma gudanar da hanyar suna da muhimmiyar da za a yi, ba da saboda haka ana iya samun magana da hanyar da za a yi, wanda yana hada da tsari da ya ba da a kan ingantattun.

Duk da haka, idan hanyoyin ta fi shi a wurare da kuka, batun da take da damu ko ake kafuwa da barazan suka iya haifar da tashin yawanci—ko kuma haifar da kasa mai zurfi, wanda ya ba da muhimmin bahaushe da kuliya.

1.2 Tashin Yawanci na Tsakiyar Turbin Mai Kuliya

Wannan tashin yawanci yana da muhimmiyar da aka sani ne: aiki da kula da kula, aiki da kula da kula (tashin yawanci na daga), ko kuma tashin yawanci na tsakiyar. Ba za a iya sanar da dalilin daidai idan ba a yi tasiri a kan aikin da kula da kula.

Idan faɗa an yi aiki da kula da kula na turbin mai kuliya, ana iya ci gaba da aiki da kula da kula ko aiki da kula da kula. Don sanar da tashin yawanci na daga da tashin yawanci na tsakiyar, ana bukatar da a yi tasiri a kan aikin da kula da kula.

• Don aikin da kula da kula, yanayin a yi tasiri a kan aiki da kula da kula da alamun bayanin.

• Don aikin da kula da kula, yanayin a yi tasiri a kan dukkan aikin da suka fi aiki da kula da kula.

Idan babu alamun bayanin na tashin yawanci ("drop card" signal), ana iya sanar da cewa tashin yawanci ya samu da kula da kula ko kuma aiki da kula da kula da biyu da za a yi.

1.3 Tashin Yawanci na Turbin Mai Kuliya a Tsohuwar

Dalilin da suka haifar da tashin yawanci a tsohuwar:

• Tashin yawanci na cikin turbin

• Tashin yawanci na tsakiyar tsakiya

• Kasa mai zurfi a tsakiyar tsakiya

Don kiyaye waɗannan tashin yawanci, malamai na ingantattun yana da kyau a yi tasiri a kan aikin da kula da kula a tsohuwar da kuma a yi aiki da kula da kula (Buchholz) don inganta turbin.

2. Aikin da Kula da Kula na Tashin Yawanci

2.1 Aiki da Kula da Kula na Tashin Yawanci na Hanyar

Idan an yi tashin yawanci a hanyar a kan ingantattun 35kV, ana bukatar da a yi tasiri daidai a kan aiki da kula da kula. Tsari na tasiri ya ba da a yi a kan bayanin aiki da kula da kula, a tsohon hanyar da CT side, a yi tasiri a kan diagram na CT.

Idan babu tashin yawanci a wannan tsari, ake buƙata a yi tasiri a kan breaker da ya yi tashin yawanci, a yi tasiri a kan:

• Bayanin inda breaker

• Three-phase linkage arms

• Arc suppression coil

Yanayin a yi tasiri yana da muhimmiyar da tunanin breaker:

• Spring-operated breakers: Check spring energy storage.

• Electromagnetic breakers: Inspect fuse and power contact conditions.

Ba a yi aiki da kula da kula har zuwa a yi tasiri a kan tashin yawanci.

2.2 Aiki da Kula da Kula na Tashin Yawanci na Tsakiyar Turbin Mai Kuliya

Ba a yi tashin yawanci:

• Idan faɗa an yi aiki da kula da kula na low-side overcurrent protection, ba da tashin yawanci, a yi tasiri a kan circuit na aiki da kula da kula: a yi tasiri a kan fuses da kuma links (pressure plates) na aiki da kula da kula.

• Don aikin da kula da kula, a yi tasiri a kan dukkan aikin da suka fi aiki da kula da kula na tsakiyar tsakiya da kuma tsohon hanyar.

Idan aiki da kula da kula na line protection da overcurrent protection suka yi tashin yawanci, amma breaker ba suka yi tashin yawanci, yana nufin cewa an yi tashin yawanci a line. A yi tasiri a kan line daga tsohon hanyar zuwa inda an yi tashin yawanci. Amsa: a yi tasiri a kan disconnectors a biyuwar breaker, a yi aiki da kula da kula a kan aikin da ba suka yi tashin yawanci.

Idan turbin mai kuliya ta yi tashin yawanci, ba da tashin yawanci, dalilin yana da:

• Protection failure (failure to operate)

• Two-point grounding

• Breaker mechanical failure

A wannan lokutan, aiki da kula da kula na turbin zai iya haifar da signal na relay failure. Don aiki da kula da kula:

• Open all breakers on the bus.

• Attempt to re-energize the low-voltage side of the transformer.

• Gradually restore power to other feeders.

2.3 Aiki da Kula da Kula na Tashin Yawanci na Turbin Mai Kuliya a Tsohuwar

Don sanar da cewa tashin yawanci na tsohuwar, a yi tasiri a kan signals na aiki da kula da kula da aikin da kula da kula:

• Idan Buchholz (gas) protection suka yi tashin yawanci, tashin yawanci yana da muhimmiyar da cikin turbin ko aiki da kula da kula, ba da aiki da kula da kula na gwamnati. A yi tasiri a kan:

• Oil spraying from the conservator tank or breather

• Grounding or short circuits in the secondary circuit

• Transformer deformation or fire

• Differential protection indicates inter-turn or phase-to-phase faults in the transformer windings. Inspect:

• Oil level and color

• Bushings

• Gas relay

Idan gas ta kasance a relay, a yi tasiri a kan color da kuma flammability don sanar da tashin yawanci.

Idan babu tashin yawanci, tashin yawanci yana da muhimmiyar da aiki da kula da kula, wanda yana da muhimmiyar da a yi aiki da kula da kula. A yi aiki da kula da kula a kan standard procedures.

3. Addimin da Su Dacewa a Kan Ingantattun

3.1 Tasiri da Kiyaye Tashin Yawanci

Operators must conduct routine equipment checks, record operational data, and identify early fault signs. After maintenance, proper acceptance testing is critical to ensure safety.

In case of faults, operators should:

• Isolate faulty equipment

• Switch to backup systems

• Apply effective solutions to maintain system stability

Mastering switching operations (isolator operations) significantly reduces fault risks. This requires high technical proficiency and continuous training.

3.2 Enforce Safety Regulations and Accountability

Enhance safety awareness through:

• Bulletin boards

• Safety slogans

• Accident videos

• Safety bulletins

• Safety meetings

• Case studies

Establish a safety responsibility system with clear roles, performance metrics, and reward/punishment mechanisms. Make safety responsibilities quantifiable and traceable to motivate operators and strengthen accountability.

3.3 Improve Technical Management

To ensure grid safety, operators must continuously improve technical skills and equipment management.

• Conduct training programs, technical lectures, and regulation reviews.

• Ensure staff understand:

• Equipment layout

• System connections

• Operating procedures

• Basic maintenance

• Conduct accident anticipation exercises and anti-accident drills to improve emergency response.

• Ensure operators fully understand:

• Operation purpose

• Pre- and post-operation system states

• Load changes

• Critical precautions

4. Kasarwa

A cikin al'adunsu, mutane su kaɗan a yi amfani da kuliya don inganta aiki da rayuwa, wanda yana ba da muhimmiyar da a yi aiki da kuliya da kuma aiki da kula da kula. Saboda haka, aiki da kula da kula a kan ingantattun, a yi aiki da kula da kula na tashin yawanci, da kuma a yi aiki da kula da kula na tashin yawanci, yana da muhimmiyar da a yi a kan industry na kuliya don kiyaye waɗannan tashin yawanci na system.