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What is DC Voltage?

DC voltage stands for “Direct Current Voltage”. While this sounds confusing, the term “DC” has become used more broadly to refer to a system that has constant polarity. Hence DC voltage is a voltage that produces or would produce a DC current. Conversely, an AC voltage is a voltage that produces or would produce AC current.

DC in this context refers more broadly to quantities that don’t regularly change polarity or that have zero (or effectively zero) frequency. AC refers to quantities that regularly change polarity at a frequency above zero.

Voltage is the electric potential difference per unit charge between two points in an electric field. Electrical energy is generated from the movement and existence of charged particles known as electrons.

The movement of electrons creates a difference in potential energy between two points. We call this potential difference voltage.

There are two types of electrical energy; AC and DC. As mentioned, the voltage acquired from the DC source is known as DC voltage.

DC voltage has a constant value. And it is denoted as VDC. The frequency of DC voltage is zero (or near zero). Hence DC voltage systems will not change their polarity during operation.

DC Voltage Symbol

The Unicode character-U+2393 “⎓” is used for the DC applications. Sometimes, it is also symbolled as a straight line.

In a circuit diagram, there are several DC sources available to get DC voltage. A battery is the most commonly used source for a DC voltage.

The ideal DC voltage source has zero internal resistance. But an actual DC source will always have some amount of internal resistance.

In an ideal voltage source, the voltage drop across the source is zero. But in the case of a practical real-world voltage source, some amount of voltage drop occurs. This voltage drop increases as the current increases.

The VI characteristics of ideal and actual DC voltage source are as shown in the below figure.

DC Voltage Wire Color Code

Wiring systems are color-coded to identify individual wires. This type of system is most helpful to identify wires during maintenance activities.

The term “DC power” is often used instead of “DC voltage” when speaking about wire color codes (note: DC power is not interchangeable with the term DC voltage. But “DC power” is used more broadly to denote that the circuit itself is DC, not AC).

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