چه چەندین مۆدی دەستەوەری بەکارنەفێڕە لە ترانسفۆرمەردا؟ چۆن ئەم بەکارنەفێڕان بەشێوەیەکی دەربڕین و سازکردن؟

Transformers bûçavên pîvandî yên cîhazên elektrîk an, û çendîn rêzikên veqetandî hewlê jî tiştên werin. Dîrokî bibînin û çareserkirina weha vê rêzikên veqetandîyê taybetmend e ku divê çarxkirina malpera xwe û parastina dengdixwaziya sistemê. Ji navbera îro di navbera rêzikên veqetandî yên transformers û yekemîn rêzikên bi metoda bibînin û çareserkirina wan heye:

• Vegerekirina Vegilbaz
  Bibînin: Vegerekirina vegilbaz dê berbiyayîna vegilbazê bigire, ku hewce dikê ji bo testkirina vegilbazê (megger testing).
  Çareserkeftin: Vegilbazên serfirrî yên vegerekirî ya jî barkirin û veguhestin, guhertina bushings, leads, an windings. Bistînin serçeza vegerekirina vegilbaz, ku dikare be serfirrîna vegilbaz, veguhestina serfirrî, an veguhestina vegilbaz.

• Serfirrî
  Bibînin: Serfirrî dikare be serfirrîna vegilbaz, serfirrîna vegilbaz, an vegilbazên serfirrî. Berbihêja vegilbaz bi serfirrîya vegilbaz û thermography infra-red bigire.
  Çareserkeftin: Vegilbazan serfirrî yên vegilbaz ên vegilbaz, parastina vegilbaz, û serfirrîna vegilbaz. Bistînin vegilbazan serfirrî yên vegilbaz ên vegilbaz.

• Core Saturation
  Bibînin: Core saturation dê be serfirrîna vegilbaz, ku vegilbaz ên vegilbaz, veguhestina vegilbaz. Ev dikare be harmonic distortion bi vegilbaz û vegilbaz bigire.
  Çareserkeftin: Install harmonic filters to mitigate core saturation. Evaluate whether a different core material or design is needed to prevent saturation.

• Winding and Core Damage
  Bibînin: Visual inspection may reveal physical damage such as cracks, warping, or deformation in windings or the core.
  Çareserkeftin: Repair or replace damaged components. Minor winding damage may be repaired locally, while severe damage may require rewinding or core replacement.

• Oil Contamination and Degradation
  Bibînin: Oil analysis, including Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA), can detect contaminants and gases generated during incipient faults. Darkened or foaming oil may also indicate problems.
  Çareserkeftin: Replace contaminated oil and address the root cause of contamination. Consider upgrading to environmentally friendly and less flammable insulating fluids if applicable.

• Bushings and Gasket Leaks
  Bibînin: Oil leaks can be visually observed, especially around bushings and gaskets.
  Çareserkeftin: Repair or replace damaged bushings and gaskets. Tighten connections and ensure proper sealing.

• Short Circuits
  Bibînin: Short circuits cause overcurrent and may produce distinctive sounds. Protective relays should trip due to the short circuit.
  Çareserkeftin: Investigate the cause of the short circuit, repair damaged components, and replace any affected winding sections.

• Tap Changer Problems
  Bibînin: Tap changer failures may cause voltage regulation issues or arcing in No-Load Tap Changers (NLTC). Monitoring voltage variations helps identify tap changer problems.
  Çareserkeftin: Clean, lubricate, and maintain the tap changer. If significant issues persist, consider repairing or replacing it.

• Moisture Ingress
  Bibînin: Moisture ingress can be detected through moisture content analysis. Visual inspection may also reveal signs of moisture damage, such as rust or corrosion.
  Çareserkeftin: Address the source of moisture ingress, repair or replace damaged components, and maintain proper sealing.

Regular preventive maintenance is crucial, including visual inspections, oil sampling, and insulation resistance testing, to detect potential issues early. Additionally, consider employing condition monitoring techniques such as online monitoring and partial discharge testing to continuously assess transformer health. Timely maintenance and repairs help extend transformer lifespan and prevent costly failures.