Nau'o'in Kirkiya na Kukuma Da Dabbobi na Kirkiya na Kukuma na IEE-Business

Koila da Rike da Kula a Makarantun Kirkiyar Siffofin Dukkana

Koila da rike da kula suna mafi girman kayan aiki wanda ke kontrola hanyar kirkiya a makarantun kirkiyar siffofin dukkana. Idan koila ta shahara, yana gina karfi mai magana wanda ke haɗa inganta kan aiki mai zama a cikin kirkiya don taka bayyana ko kula. A tsarin, koila ana yi da enameled wire wanda ake fitar a insulating bobbin, tare da protective layer na gaba, kuma terminals suna kwalwa a housing. Koila ya yi aiki da DC ko AC power, tare da voltage ratings masu yawan amfani 24V, 48V, 110V, da 220V.

Shaharar koila ita ce babu nasarorin. Yadda aka shahara a lokacin da ya dace, yana haɗa tsirrai, wanda yake buƙata insulation layer da yake haɗa short circuits. Idan tsirrai na zamani ya fi 40°C ko akwai waɗannan aiki da dama, za su iya sa ƙaramin tsari na koila da 30%. Zan iya ba da shawarar koila tare da ci gaba resistance, tare da ±10% tolerance allowed for normal values. Misali, idan koila tana da nominal resistance 220Ω, measured value kadan 198Ω zai nuna inter-turn short circuit, kuma value kadan 242Ω zai nuna poor contact.

A lokacin da ake fadada, ya kamata a duba direction na polarity na koila, saboda reverse connection zai iya haɗa magnetic force cancellation. A lokacin da ake koyarwa, ya kamata a koyar moving parts of the iron core da anhydrous alcohol, kuma ya kamata a ɓoye gap da freedom ta movement 0.3–0.5mm. Idan ake canza da koila mai sauƙi, ya kamata a duba voltage parameters; connecting a DC coil to an AC power source zai iya haɗa immediate burnout. Don models equipped with a manual trip button, perform three manual tests per month to prevent mechanical sticking.

Idan kirkiya ta shahara da kyau, ya kamata a kammala factors other than coil failure. Measure whether the control circuit voltage is stable and check if the auxiliary switch contacts are oxidized. A substation once experienced repeated coil burnouts, and the root cause was eventually traced to the trip spring pre-load being adjusted too high, resulting in excessive mechanical load.

Environments da suka da humidity yana iya haɗa failures. Idan humidity ya fi 85%, ita ce recommended to install a moisture-prevention heating device. In a coastal distribution room, after switching to sealed-type coils, the failure rate dropped from an average of 7 times per year to zero. For locations with strong vibrations, the coil should be potted with epoxy resin to prevent wire breakage.

When selecting a replacement part, pay attention to three parameters: rated voltage, actuation power, and response time. When replacing with a coil from a different brand, verify the mechanical fit dimensions; there have been cases where a 2mm difference in plunger length caused incomplete tripping. A transition bracket can be custom-made if necessary, but the electromagnetic pulling torque must be recalculated.

From a system strategy perspective, it is recommended to establish a coil lifecycle record. Record the ambient temperature, number of operations, and changes in resistance value for each operation. A power supply bureau found through big data analysis that when the coil resistance variation rate reaches 15%, the probability of failure within the next three months increases to 82%.

Critical thinking must run through the entire fault analysis process. When a coil burns out, do not simply replace it; instead, trace the root cause. A factory experienced repeated coil burnouts, and the final investigation revealed a design flaw in the control circuit that caused the trip signal to fail to release in time, resulting in a continuous energized state.

For emergency handling, a parallel resistor method can be temporarily used. Connect a 200W resistor in parallel across the terminals of the burnt coil to temporarily maintain operational functionality, but the coil must be replaced within 24 hours. This method is only applicable to DC coils and must not be used for AC coils. Insulated gloves must be worn during operation to prevent electric shock from residual voltage.

There are techniques for coil temperature rise testing. When using an infrared thermometer for monitoring, aim at the center of the coil. The allowable temperature rise standards are: 75°C for Class A insulation and 100°C for Class F insulation. Testing should be conducted immediately after three consecutive operations, as the temperature is closest to its peak at this point.

In terms of design improvements, new dual-winding coils are beginning to be applied. The main winding is responsible for generating magnetic force, while the auxiliary winding is used for condition monitoring. When an inter-turn short circuit occurs in the main winding, the change in inductance of the auxiliary winding triggers an early warning signal, enabling fault prediction 20 days earlier than traditional coils.

The economic viability of maintenance must be comprehensively considered. The market price of a standard coil is approximately 80–150 RMB, with a replacement labor cost of about 200 RMB. If annual failures exceed three times, upgrading to a high-temperature-resistant coil (priced at about 280 RMB) is recommended, as its lifespan is extended by three times. For critical power nodes, a redundant dual-coil configuration is more reliable.

Key points for operation training include: never plug or unplug coil connectors under power, maintain at least a 15-second interval between trip/close operations for heat dissipation, and strengthen insulation testing during the rainy season. A maintenance team failed to follow the cooling time requirement, resulting in a newly replaced coil burning out again within two days.

A technical innovation trend is emerging. Latching-type magnetic coils are beginning to replace traditional structures, using permanent magnets to hold the trip or close state, reducing power consumption by 90%. However, such coils have higher requirements for control signals and require a dedicated driver module, increasing retrofit costs by approximately 40%.

It is highly advisable to carry a digital bridge for on-site diagnosis. It can not only measure DC resistance but also detect the coil’s inductance. The normal fluctuation range of inductance should be within ±5%. If a significant drop in inductance is detected, the coil should be replaced even if the resistance value appears normal.

Protective measures must not be overlooked. In cement plants with high dust levels, installing a nanofiber filter cover on the coil effectively blocks particles larger than 0.3 microns. For chemical plants, it is recommended to use pH test paper to check the acidity or alkalinity of the coil surface quarterly, and perform anti-corrosion treatment immediately upon detecting signs of corrosion.

Lifespan prediction models are becoming more widespread. Algorithms based on the number of operations, environmental parameters, and resistance variation rates have achieved over 75% accuracy. One intelligent circuit breaker has already achieved 30-day advance warning of coil failure, preventing unplanned power outages.

Acceptance criteria after maintenance include: manual operating force not exceeding 50N, noise level below 65 dB during electric operation, and no jamming during 10 consecutive operations. During acceptance, use an oscilloscope to capture the coil current waveform. A normal waveform should be a smooth curve; a sawtooth waveform indicates the presence of mechanical resistance.