Jiyanên Çerçeveya Vakûmê ya Nîzankir û Tewanjên yên Low-Voltage Vacuum Breaker Coil Types & Failures

Sert û Naxşên Trip da Dîmaşîna Cihazên Çepkirina Berzaniya Bistûrk

Sert û naxşan trip di cihazên çepkirina berzaniya bistûr de hewlên xweyên herêmîn ku kontrolê vekilînê çepkirinê dide. Wanê divê li ser sert û naxşan wergerand, bê hesab têkiliya mekanîkî ve dikare bi virazîna veke ya vêranbûn an naxşand. Saziyayê, sert û naxşan bi îmkanê rastîn ênînên malpera ser bobînên izole kirin, bi pelî pêşengir u termanên wan ênînên fixe ser bin. Sert û naxşan bi elektrikê DC an AC derbas dibe, bi navberên voltajê 24V, 48V, 110V, u 220V.

Berketina sert û naxşan yekê ji fehmiyanên pêşendî ye. Derbasê dirêjê bi rêzikê tevahî dide, ku têkiliya izolekirinê weqef bike u li ser short circuitê derbas bidet. Jeger hêla ser 40°C be u jorê hatîn operasyonan biguherine, demê ku hizmeta sert û naxşan dikare bi 30% girêdaye. Rewşa sert û naxşan bi pîvaneyê re dê zêde bikin, ku têkiliya normal bi ±10% têne. Mînak, ji bo sert û naxşan bi direksiyonê nominal 220Ω, mîna 198Ω dê bi inter-turn short circuitê re şînin, u mîna 242Ω dê bi poor contactê re şînin.

Di demê destpêkê de, bi rêzikê polariya sert û naxşan pêşniyê, çimkê bi virazîna revîrsê re magnetic force cancelation dibêje. Di demê parzanyarê de, bi alkolê anhydrous herêmîn têkiliya herêmîn bişopînin, u gapê bişopînî 0.3-0.5mm bêgirin. Ji bo sert û naxşan nû, parametrên voltajê verast bikin, connecting a DC coil to an AC power source will cause immediate burnout. Ji bo modelên bi buttonê manual trip, se her mîharî tre test manual bikin bi tenê ku mechanic sticking bêne.

Ji bo dema ku çepkirinê bisereke trip bikat, yekê ji faktoran di sert û naxşan de neşandin. Pîvaneyê ya voltajê control circuit bikin u bişopînin ênînên switch auxiliary dê bişopînin. Herêmîn ji bo dema ku sert û naxşan bi şînin, root cause bi preload spring trip too high re şînin, ku bi rêzikê mechanical load tevahî dide.

Hêla ser 85% humidity, bi îmkanê moisture-prevention heating device re şînin. Ji bo room distribution coastal, ji bo dema ku sert û naxşan sealed-type bikin, failure rate ji average 7 times per year to zero girêdaye. Ji bo location bi strong vibrations, sert û naxşan bi epoxy resin re potted bikin bi tenê ku wire breakage bêne.

Ji bo dema ku replacement part bikin, bi three parameters re şînin: rated voltage, actuation power, u response time. Ji bo dema ku sert û naxşan ji brand different bikin, fit dimensions mechanical verify bikin, case bi difference 2mm in plunger length re incomplete tripping şînin. Bracket transition custom-made bikin ji bo dema ku electromagnetic pulling torque recalculate bikin.

Ji bo strategy system, bi lifecycle record sert û naxşan re şînin. Record ambient temperature, number of operations, u changes in resistance value for each operation. Power supply bureau ji bo big data analysis, jeger rate variation resistance sert û naxşan 15% be, probability of failure within the next three months increases to 82%.

Bi critical thinking re throughout the entire fault analysis process. Ji bo dema ku sert û naxşan burn out, do not simply replace it, instead, trace the root cause. Factory repeated coil burnouts, final investigation revealed design flaw in control circuit that caused trip signal to fail to release in time, resulting in continuous energized state.

For emergency handling, parallel resistor method can be temporarily used. Connect 200W resistor in parallel across terminals of burnt coil to temporarily maintain operational functionality, but coil must be replaced within 24 hours. This method is only applicable to DC coils and must not be used for AC coils. Insulated gloves must be worn during operation to prevent electric shock from residual voltage.

There are techniques for coil temperature rise testing. When using infrared thermometer for monitoring, aim at center of coil. Allowable temperature rise standards are: 75°C for Class A insulation and 100°C for Class F insulation. Testing should be conducted immediately after three consecutive operations, as temperature is closest to its peak at this point.

In terms of design improvements, new dual-winding coils are beginning to be applied. Main winding is responsible for generating magnetic force, while auxiliary winding is used for condition monitoring. When inter-turn short circuit occurs in main winding, change in inductance of auxiliary winding triggers early warning signal, enabling fault prediction 20 days earlier than traditional coils.

Economic viability of maintenance must be comprehensively considered. Market price of standard coil is approximately 80–150 RMB, with replacement labor cost about 200 RMB. If annual failures exceed three times, upgrading to high-temperature-resistant coil (priced at about 280 RMB) is recommended, as its lifespan is extended by three times. For critical power nodes, redundant dual-coil configuration is more reliable.

Key points for operation training include: never plug or unplug coil connectors under power, maintain at least 15-second interval between trip/close operations for heat dissipation, and strengthen insulation testing during rainy season. Maintenance team failed to follow cooling time requirement, resulting in newly replaced coil burning out again within two days.

A technical innovation trend is emerging. Latching-type magnetic coils are beginning to replace traditional structures, using permanent magnets to hold trip or close state, reducing power consumption by 90%. However, such coils have higher requirements for control signals and require dedicated driver module, increasing retrofit costs by approximately 40%.

It is highly advisable to carry digital bridge for on-site diagnosis. It can not only measure DC resistance but also detect coil’s inductance. Normal fluctuation range of inductance should be within ±5%. If significant drop in inductance is detected, coil should be replaced even if resistance value appears normal.

Protective measures must not be overlooked. In cement plants with high dust levels, installing nanofiber filter cover on coil effectively blocks particles larger than 0.3 microns. For chemical plants, it is recommended to use pH test paper to check acidity or alkalinity of coil surface quarterly, and perform anti-corrosion treatment immediately upon detecting signs of corrosion.

Lifespan prediction models are becoming more widespread. Algorithms based on number of operations, environmental parameters, and resistance variation rates have achieved over 75% accuracy. One intelligent circuit breaker has already achieved 30-day advance warning of coil failure, preventing unplanned power outages.

Acceptance criteria after maintenance include: manual operating force not exceeding 50N, noise level below 65 dB during electric operation, and no jamming during 10 consecutive operations. During acceptance, use oscilloscope to capture coil current waveform. Normal waveform should be smooth curve, sawtooth waveform indicates presence of mechanical resistance.