Uchambuzi wa Hitimisho ya Kawaida za Vifungaji vya Mwendo Mkubwa vya SF6 katika Huduma ya Ujenzi wa Substation
1 Muundo msingi na Sera ya Kazi ya Circuit Breakers za High - voltage SF₆
Circuit breakers za high - voltage SF₆, kama vifaa muhimu ambavyo hazitakikani katika mifumo ya umeme, muundo wao na sera ya kazi ni msingi wa kukuhesabia usalama na uendeshaji mzuri wa grid ya umeme. Ina chombo machache yenye upana, ikiwa si tu insulators, conductive parts, arc - extinguishing chambers, operating mechanisms, na control circuits. Insulators mara nyingi huchaguliwa kutumia vifaa vilivyotengenezwa kwa nguvu ili kudumu kwenye stress ya electric field katika mazingira ya high - voltage; conductive parts hutengenezwa kutumia metals yenye conductivity ya juu ili kuhakikisha mafuta ya current.
Arc - extinguishing chamber ni muundo muhimu wa circuit breaker. Hutumia substances zenye reactivity ya juu zinazopatikana kutokana na decomposition ya SF₆ gas tangu arc ikianza kucool the arc na kupunguza haraka insulation strength, kwa hivyo kuachia interruption ya haraka na salama ya circuit. SF₆ gas, kama sulfur hexafluoride gas, maeneo yake mazuri ya insulation na arc - extinguishing ni sababu muhimu kwa matumizi yake mengi katika circuit breakers za high - voltage. Wakati current huenda zero, SF₆ gas inaweza kufanya kazi nzuri ya kuzuia arc kutoka tena, kuhakikisha circuit breaker anaweza kufanya kazi ya breaking kwa uhakika. Pia, SF₆ gas ina performance nzuri ya sealing, ambayo inaweza kudhibiti sana intrusion ya moisture na impurities za nje. Hii ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya kuendeleza usafi na ukwaju wa mazingira ya ndani ya circuit breaker, kwa hivyo kuhakikisha equipment inaweza kufanya kazi salama kwa muda mrefu.
Kwa mujibu wa design, circuit breakers za high - voltage SF₆ pia huchaguliwa na operating mechanisms na control circuits mapya. Chombo machache haya hufanya kazi kwa kushirikiana ili kuhakikisha circuit breaker anaweza kujibu matarajio mbalimbali ya kazi za power grid. Operating mechanism ana masuala ya kutekeleza actions za opening na closing za circuit breaker, vile control circuit ana masuala ya kuzingatia na kutathmini hali ya kazi ya circuit breaker ili kuhakikisha accuracy na reliability ya actions zake.
2 Matatizo Yaliyohusiana na Circuit Breakers za High - voltage SF₆ katika Substation Maintenance
2.1 SF₆ Gas Leakage
SF₆ gas leakage ni moja ya matatizo yanayohusiana sana na circuit breakers za SF₆. Ufikelezo huu unaweza kuleta ongezeko la performance ya insulation ndani ya circuit breaker, kwa hivyo kutathmini kazi yake ya normal. Sababu za ufikelezo zinaweza kujumuisha aging na damage ya seals, au sealing isiyofaa wakati wa installation. Ufikelezo wa gas unaweza kureduce performance ya circuit breaker lakini pia unaweza kuleta madhara kwa mazingira, kwa sababu SF₆ ni greenhouse gas ambayo ina athari kubwa kwa global warming.
2.2 Operating Mechanism Failure
Operating mechanism ni sehemu muhimu ya circuit breaker ambayo inasimamia operations za opening na closing. Ikiwa operating mechanism itakuwa na failure, inaweza kuleta malfunction ya circuit breaker. Matatizo haya yanaweza kujumuisha insufficient spring energy storage, hydraulic oil leakage, compressed air leakage katika pneumatic system, na matatizo mengine. Failure ya operating mechanism si tu inaweza kubadilisha performance ya circuit breaker lakini pia inaweza kuweka hatari ya usalama na uendeshaji mzuri wa mifumo ya umeme nzima.
2.3 Contact Wear
Wakati circuit breaker anatumika sana au anafanya kazi kwa muda mrefu, contacts (conductive parts) zinaweza kuganda, ambayo itaweza kubadilisha electrical conductivity na ability ya opening - closing ya circuit breaker. Waktu wear unapofika kiwango cha juu, inaweza kuleta tatizo kama contact heating na burning, na hata inaweza kuleta failure ya circuit breaker, kwa hivyo kutathmini supply ya umeme stable ya mifumo ya umeme.
2.4 Auxiliary Switch and Protection Circuit Failure
Auxiliary switch hutumika kuzingatia hali ya circuit breaker, na protection circuit hutumika kuzingatia circuit breaker kutokana na damage iliyotokana na faults. Ikiwa chombo machache haya yanakuwa na failure, inaweza kuleta circuit breaker asipate kujibu sahihi protection needs za system, kwa hivyo kutathmini usalama wa mifumo ya umeme nzima.
2.5 Over - voltage Problem
Over - voltage inaweza kutokea wakati circuit breaker anafanya operation za opening, na hali hii inaweza kuleta damage kwa equipment ya umeme zinazokuwa karibu. Kutokana na kuondoka impact hii, over - voltage protection devices kama arresters huwezi kutumika. Over - voltage protection measures ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya kuhakikisha uendeshaji mzuri wa mifumo ya umeme na usalama wa equipment.
2.6 Aging or Damage of Mechanical Components
Wakati wa uendeshaji mrefu au katika mazingira magumu, mechanical components za circuit breaker zinaweza kuganda, kubadilika, na zile zinaweza kubadilisha performance yao ya mechanical. Damage ya mechanical components inaweza kuleta circuit breaker asipewe kufanya kazi kwa kutosha, na hata inaweza kuleta safety accidents.
3 Maintenance and Repair Measures for Common Faults of High - voltage SF₆ Circuit Breakers in Substation Maintenance
3.1 Maintenance and Repair for SF₆ Gas Leakage
Kuhakikisha safe operation ya SF₆ gas equipment, inaweza kutumia ultrasonic leak detectors au halogen leak detectors. Vyote ni tools vya kufanya kazi kwa kutosha kwa ajili ya kutambua SF₆ gas leakage. Inspections za muda zinaweza kutambua points za potential leakage mara kwa mara, na measures zinaweza kutumika kuhakikisha gas leakage haikuwa na damage kwa mazingira na equipment.
Katika maintenance ya kila siku, status ya seals inapaswa kuzingatiwa kwa makini. Mara tu signs za aging au damage za seals zitapatikana, lazima zitabadilishwe mara moja. Wakati wa badiliko la seals, sealing process requirements zinazotolewa na manufacturer zinapaswa kutumika kwa undani ili kuhakikisha seals mpya zinaweza kutumika kwa sahihi na kufanya kazi sawa, kwa hivyo kutathmini sealing performance na operation safety ya equipment.
Katika monitoring process, ikiwa utaratibu unaona tofauti katika pressure ya SF₆ gas, ambayo inaweza kuwa sign ya gas leakage, measures zinapaswa kutumika mara moja kureplenish gas ili kuhakikisha equipment inaweza kuendeleza working pressure range sahihi. Wakati wa replenishing gas, SF₆ gas ambayo inafanikiwa kwa standards inapaswa kutumika ili kuhakikisha gas purity inaweza kutathmini performance ya insulation ya equipment. Pia, wakati wa gas - filling process, introduction ya impurities inapaswa kudhibiti kwa undani ili kuhakikisha gas purity, kwa hivyo kutathmini stable operation ya equipment na kuongeza lifetime yake.
3.2 Maintenance and Repair for Operating Mechanism Failure
Kuhakikisha normal operation ya operating mechanism, spring energy storage situation inapaswa kutathmini kwa muda kwa undani ili kuhakikisha spring ana energy reserves sahihi. Katika equipment inayotumia hydraulic operating mechanisms, level ya hydraulic oil inapaswa kutathmini kwa undani ili kuhakikisha ina level sahihi, na quality ya oil inapaswa kutathmini ili kuhakikisha inafanikiwa kwa standard requirements. Mara tu level ya oil itapatikana kukosa au quality ya oil itapatikana kukosekana, measures zinapaswa kutumika mara moja kureplenish au kubadilisha hydraulic oil ili kuhakikisha system inaweza kufanya kazi kwa kutosha.
Katika equipment inayotumia pneumatic operating mechanisms, inspections za muda ni muhimu sana. Hii inajumuisha monitoring ya pressure ya compressed air ili kuhakikisha ina kwenye safe na effective range, na kutathmini integrity ya sealing components ili kuhakikisha hakuna air leakage, ambayo inaweza kuleta decrease katika performance ya equipment au operational failure. Kwa kutumia preventive measures hizo, stability na reliability ya pneumatic system inaweza kutathmini.
Kuhakikisha efficient operation ya operating mechanism, regular cleaning na lubrication ya mechanical components ni muhimu sana. Cleaning inaweza omba dirt na impurities zinazokuwa zimezamamishwa ili kuhakikisha hazitozie wear au blockage kwa equipment; lubrication sahihi inaweza kuridhi friction kati ya components na kuridhi risk ya operational failures.
3.3 Maintenance and Repair for Contact Wear
Kuhakikisha safe na stable operation ya electrical equipment, wear condition ya contacts inapaswa kutathmini kwa makini katika kila maintenance. Katika inspection, precise measuring tools inapaswa kutumika kutathmini thickness ya contacts ili kuhakikisha ina kwenye allowable range iliyotakikana. Mara tu wear amount ya contacts itapatikana kuwa zaidi ya allowable range, worn contacts inapaswa kubadilishwa mara moja ili kuhakikisha failures na hazards hazitoshi.
Katika contacts wenye wear kidogo tu, surface flatness inaweza kurudi kwa kutumia professional grinding methods. Lakini, wakati wa grinding operation, depth na force ya grinding inapaswa kutathmini kwa undani ili kuhakikisha hakuna material loss zaidi ya contacts kutokana na over - grinding, ambayo inaweza kubadilisha normal performance na service life ya contacts. Kwa hivyo, grinding work inapaswa kutumika na technicians wenye experience ili kuhakikisha accuracy na safety ya operation.
Kuhakikisha service life ya contacts, inaweza kutumia optimization ya operation frequency ya circuit breaker ili kuridhi unnecessary frequent operations. Operations zinazokuwa sana zinaweza kubadilisha wear ya contacts na kuleta premature aging ya components mengine ya electrical equipment. Kwa hivyo, planning na adjusting operation frequency na avoiding unnecessary operations ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya improving service life ya contacts na kuhakikisha stable operation ya equipment.
3.4 Maintenance and Repair for Auxiliary Switch and Protection Circuit Failure
①Inspection of Auxiliary Switches
Kuhakikisha normal operation na usalama wa equipment, regular na detailed inspections za auxiliary switches ni muhimu sana. Mchakato huu unajumuisha thorough inspection ya contact condition ya switch ili kuhakikisha good contact na hakuna looseness au corrosion. Ikiwa problems kama poor contact au wear zitapatikana katika inspection, measures zinapaswa kutumika mara moja kuhakikisha adjustment au replacement ya switch ili kuhakikisha failures au safety accidents hazitoshi.
②Testing of Protection Circuits
Protection circuit ni component muhimu kwa ajili ya kuhakikisha usalama wa electrical equipment. Kwa hivyo, regular na comprehensive testing ya protection circuit ni muhimu sana. Mchakato huu unatumika kuhakikisha protection circuit inafanya kazi reliable na kwa haraka, na inaweza kuremove power supply kwa haraka katika situations za abnormality ili kuhakikisha equipment na watu wanaweza kuwa safe. Ikiwa test results zitatangaza kuwa kuna problems kama calibration deviation au component damage, calibration inapaswa kutumika mara moja au damaged components zinapaswa kubadilishwa ili kuhakikisha function ya circuit inafanikiwa kwa sahihi.
3.5 Maintenance and Repair for Over - voltage Problems
Kuhakikisha safe na stable operation ya power system, inaweza kutumia arresters karibu na circuit breaker. Hii inaweza kufanya kazi kwa kutosha kwa ajili ya kuhakikisha equipment haikuwa na damage kutokana na operating over - voltage kutokana na lightning strikes au sababu nyingine, kwa hivyo kuongeza service life ya equipment na kuhakikisha inafanya kazi kwa sahihi.
Kuhakikisha operation efficiency na usalama wa power system, inaweza kutumia optimization ya operation mode ya circuit breaker. Kwa undani, inapaswa kutathmini kwamba wakati system voltage inabadilika sana au system load inabadilika sana, operation ya circuit breaker inapaswa kukosa ili kuhakikisha failures au safety accidents hazitoshi kutokana na improper operation.
3.6 Maintenance and Repair for Aging or Damage of Mechanical Components
Comprehensive inspections inapaswa kutumika kwa mechanical components za circuit breaker, ikiwa si tu transmission shafts, connecting rods, bearings, na zile zingine. Katika inspection, special attention inapaswa kutumika kwa wear degree, cracks, deformation, na phenomena zingine za components. Mara tu signs za aging au damage zitapatikana, replacement au repair inapaswa kutumika mara moja ili kuhakikisha failure haikua.
Katika key components kama transmission shafts na connecting rods, regular lubrication treatment inapaswa kutumika ili kuhakikisha wear inaridhi na service life inongezeka. Pia, katika vulnerable parts kama bearings, hali yao ya operation inapaswa kutathmini kwa muda kwa undani ili kuhakikisha smooth rotation na hakuna abnormal noise au heating. Waktu necessary, new bearings inapaswa kubadilishwa ili kuhakikisha normal operation ya mechanical components.
Katika mechanical components za circuit breaker, load tests inapaswa kutumika kwa muda kwa undani ili kufanya kazi kama actual working conditions ili kutathmini performance na reliability yao. Kwa kutumia tests hizo, potential problems zinaweza kutambuliwa mara moja, na corresponding maintenance measures zinapaswa kutumika ili kuhakikisha stability na usalama wa circuit breaker kwenye working conditions mbalimbali.
Katika all maintenance na repair work, detailed records inapaswa kutengenezwa, ikiwa si tu model ya replaced component, maintenance time, na operating personnel. Records hizo zinapaswa kutumika kwa undani kwa ajili ya subsequent maintenance work na fault analysis, kwa hivyo kutathmini maintenance efficiency na operational reliability ya circuit breaker.
3.7 Other Maintenance Measures
Kuhakikisha stable operation ya power system, operating temperature ya circuit breaker inapaswa kutathmini kwa muda kwa undani ili kuhakikisha equipment haikua na damage kutokana na overheating. Step hii ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya kuhakikisha normal operation ya equipment na kuongeza service life yake.
Kuhakikisha normal working state ya circuit breaker, regular cleaning ya casing lake ni muhimu sana. Kwa kutumia removing dust accumulation kwenye surface na preventing corrosion na problems zingine, adverse effects zao kwa performance ya equipment zinaweza kuhakikisha safety na reliability ya power system.
Kwa teknolojia inaendelea, technical transformation ya circuit breaker kwa muda ni njia sahihi kwa ajili ya kuboresha performance na reliability yake. Kwa kutumia analyzing operating conditions na historical data ya equipment, necessary technical upgrades inapaswa kutumika kwa undani ili kuhakikisha circuit breaker inaweza kufanya kazi kwa sahihi kwa modern power systems.
4 Conclusion
Katika substation maintenance work ya power system, maintenance na troubleshooting ya high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers ni muhimu sana. Kwa kutumia regular inspections na appropriate maintenance measures, occurrence ya faults inaweza kutathmini kwa kutosha, kuhakikisha safe na stable operation ya power system. Katika mchakato huo, technicians wanapaswa kutumika kwa undani operation procedures, kutumia advanced detection equipment na technologies, na kuendeleza quality na efficiency ya maintenance ili kutoa solid guarantee kwa reliable operation ya power system.
