Pagsusi sa mga Karaniwang Sayop sa High-Voltage SF6 Circuit Breakers sa Pagmaintain sa Substation

1 Pakaon nga Struktura ug Prinsipyo sa Pagtrabaho sa High - voltage SF₆ Circuit Breakers

Ang high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers, isip indispensable nga key equipment sa power system, ang ilang struktura ug prinsipyo sa pagtrabaho mao ang cornerstone nga nagpadayon sa safe ug stable nga operasyon sa power grid. Giorganisa kini gikan sa daghang precision components, kasama niana ang insulators, conductive parts, arc - extinguishing chambers, operating mechanisms, ug control circuits. Ang mga insulators karaniwang gigamit og high - strength materials aron mapasabot sa electric field stress sa high - voltage environment; ang conductive parts gihimo gikan sa metals nga may high electrical conductivity aron masiguro ang smooth flow sa current.

Ang arc - extinguishing chamber mao ang core sa circuit breaker. Gisulti kini sa highly reactive substances nga giproduce sa decomposition sa SF₆ gas sa action sa arc aron mapaspas ang cooling sa arc ug mapabilis ang recovery sa insulation strength, bisan pa makamit ang rapid ug safe interruption sa circuit. Ang SF₆ gas, isip sulfur hexafluoride gas, ang iyang excellent insulation ug arc - extinguishing properties mao ang primary reason sa iyang wide application sa high - voltage circuit breakers. Sa point nga ang current molabay zero, ang SF₆ gas mahimong maayo mogapaw ug prevent ang arc sa pag reignite, masigurado nga ang circuit breaker mahimo ra ang reliable breaking task. Padulong, ang SF₆ gas adunay excellent sealing performance, nga mahimong maayo mogapaw sa intrusion sa external moisture ug impurities. Kini importante para sa pagmaintain sa cleanliness ug dryness sa internal environment sa circuit breaker, resulta mahimong stable ug matagamtam ang operasyon sa equipment.

Sa design, ang high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers adunay usab advanced operating mechanisms ug control circuits. Kasinabi nga mga komponente nagtrabaho sa coordination aron masiguro nga ang circuit breaker mahimo ra ang respond sa complex operation requirements sa power grid. Ang operating mechanism responsible sa execution sa opening ug closing actions sa circuit breaker, samtang ang control circuit responsible sa monitoring ug adjustment sa working state sa circuit breaker aron masiguro ang accuracy ug reliability sa iyang actions.

2 Common Faults of High - voltage SF₆ Circuit Breakers in Substation Maintenance
2.1 SF₆ Gas Leakage

Ang SF₆ gas leakage mao ang usa ka common fault sa SF₆ circuit breakers. Kini nga leakage magresulta sa decrease sa insulation performance sa interior sa circuit breaker, resulta naaffect ang normal nga operasyon. Ang rason sa leakage mahimong aging ug damage sa seals, o poor sealing sa panahon sa installation. Ang gas leakage dili lang magbawas sa performance sa circuit breaker apan mahimong magdulot usab og harm sa environment, tungod kay ang SF₆ mao ang greenhouse gas nga may significant impact sa global warming.

2.2 Operating Mechanism Failure

Ang operating mechanism mao ang key part sa circuit breaker responsible sa opening ug closing operations. Kon ang operating mechanism mag fail, mahimong mag resulta niini ang malfunction sa circuit breaker. Kini nga failures mahimong include ang insufficient spring energy storage, hydraulic oil leakage, compressed air leakage sa pneumatic system, ug uban pang problema. Ang failure sa operating mechanism dili lang mag affect sa performance sa circuit breaker apan mahimong mag endanger usab sa safe ug stable nga operasyon sa entire power system.

2.3 Contact Wear

Kon ang circuit breaker gi operate paborito o run sa long time, ang contacts (conductive parts) mahimong mag wear, resulta naaffect ang electrical conductivity ug opening - closing ability sa circuit breaker. Kon severe ang wear, mahimong mag resulta niini ang contact heating ug burning, apan mahimong lead usab sa failure sa circuit breaker, affecting the stable power supply sa power system.

2.4 Auxiliary Switch and Protection Circuit Failure

Ang auxiliary switch gamiton aron mapantayan ang status sa circuit breaker, ug ang protection circuit gamiton aron protektahan ang circuit breaker gikan sa damage caused by faults. Kon ang mga komponente mag fail, mahimong ang circuit breaker mag fail sa correct response sa protection needs sa system, resulta naaffect ang safety sa entire power system.

2.5 Over - voltage Problem

Ang over - voltage mahimong mag occur kon ang circuit breaker perform opening operations, ug kini nga situation mahimong mag cause og damage sa surrounding electrical equipment. Aron mapalub-on kini nga impact, over - voltage protection devices sama sa arresters karaniwan nga ig install. Ang over - voltage protection measures crucial aron masiguro ang stable nga operasyon sa power system ug safety sa equipment.

2.6 Aging or Damage of Mechanical Components

Sa long - term operation o harsh environments, ang mechanical components sa circuit breaker mahimong mag age, deform, etc., resulta naaffect ang ilang mechanical performance. Ang damage sa mechanical components mahimong mag resulta sa circuit breaker nga dili mag operate normal, apan mahimong lead usab sa safety accidents.

3 Maintenance and Repair Measures for Common Faults of High - voltage SF₆ Circuit Breakers in Substation Maintenance
3.1 Maintenance and Repair for SF₆ Gas Leakage

Ar Brigham siguro ang safe operation sa SF₆ gas equipment, gi recommend ang paggamit og ultrasonic leak detectors o halogen leak detectors. Both effective tools aron detect ang SF₆ gas leakage. Regular inspections mahimo ra mapadali detect ang potential leakage points, ug corresponding measures mahimo ra mapatuman aron maprevent ang gas leakage sa pag cause og damage sa environment ug equipment.

Sa daily maintenance, ang status sa seals adunay kinahanglan closely monitored. Kon signs sa aging o damage sa seals natukod, immediate replacement mahimong required. Sa panahon sa replacement sa seals, ang sealing process requirements provided sa manufacturer mahimong strictly followed aron masiguro nga ang new seals mahimong correctly installed ug play their proper sealing effect, thus guaranteeing the sealing performance ug operation safety sa equipment.

Sa panahon sa monitoring process, kon decrease sa pressure sa SF₆ gas natukod, which may be a sign sa gas leakage, immediate measures mahimong required aron replenish ang gas aron ensure nga ang equipment mahimo ra maintain ang normal working pressure range. Sa panahon sa replenishing ang gas, high - purity SF₆ gas nga meet sa standards mahimong used aron avoid affecting the insulation performance sa equipment due to insufficient gas purity. At the same time, sa panahon sa gas - filling process, ang introduction sa impurities mahimong strictly controlled aron ensure ang purity sa gas, thereby guaranteeing the stable operation sa equipment ug extending its service life.

3.2 Maintenance and Repair for Operating Mechanism Failure

Ar Brigham siguro ang normal operation sa operating mechanism, ang spring energy storage situation mahimong regularly checked aron ensure nga ang spring adunay sufficient energy reserves. Para sa equipment nga may hydraulic operating mechanisms, ang oil level sa hydraulic oil mahimong carefully checked aron see if it is at an appropriate level, ug ang oil quality mahimong evaluated aron ensure nga it meets the standard requirements. Kon natukod ang oil level nga insufficient o ang oil quality deteriorates, immediate measures mahimong taken aron replenish o replace ang hydraulic oil aron maintain ang normal operation sa system.

Para sa equipment nga may pneumatic operating mechanisms, regular inspections essential. This includes monitoring the pressure of compressed air aron ensure it is within a safe ug effective range, ug checking the integrity sa sealing components aron prevent air leakage, which may lead sa decrease sa equipment performance o operational failure. Through these preventive measures, ang stability ug reliability sa pneumatic system mahimong ensured.

Ar Brigham efficient operation sa operating mechanism, regular cleaning ug lubrication sa mechanical components mahimong great importance. Cleaning mahimong remove accumulated dirt ug impurities aron prevent them from causing wear o blockage sa equipment; appropriate lubrication mahimong reduce friction between components ug reduce the risk sa operational failures.

3.3 Maintenance and Repair for Contact Wear

Ar Brigham siguro ang safe ug stable operation sa electrical equipment, ang wear condition sa contacts must be carefully checked during each maintenance. Sa panahon sa inspection, precise measuring tools mahimong used aron measure the thickness sa contacts aron ensure it is within the specified allowable range. Kon natukod ang wear amount sa contacts nga exceed the specified allowable range, aron prevent possible failures ug hazards, the worn contacts must be replaced immediately.

Para sa contacts nga may only slight wear, the surface flatness mahimong restored through professional grinding methods. But, sa panahon sa grinding operation, the depth ug force sa grinding must be strictly controlled aron avoid excessive material loss sa contacts due to over - grinding, which may affect the normal performance ug service life sa contacts. Therefore, the grinding work mahimong carried out by experienced technicians aron ensure the accuracy ug safety sa operation.

Ar Brigham effectively extend the service life sa contacts, advisable aron optimize the operation frequency sa circuit breaker aron reduce unnecessary frequent operations. Frequent operations not only accelerate the wear sa contacts apan may also cause premature aging sa other components sa electrical equipment. Therefore, reasonably planning ug adjusting the operation frequency ug avoiding unnecessary operations mahimong important measures aron improve the service life sa contacts ug ensure the stable operation sa equipment.

3.4 Maintenance and Repair for Auxiliary Switch and Protection Circuit Failure

①Inspection of Auxiliary Switches
Ar Brigham siguro ang normal operation ug safety sa equipment, regular ug detailed inspections sa auxiliary switches mahimong great importance. This process includes thorough inspection sa contact condition sa switch aron ensure good contact ug no looseness o corrosion. Kon problems such as poor contact o wear natukod sa inspection, immediate measures mahimong taken aron adjust o replace the switch aron avoid possible equipment failures o safety accidents.

②Testing of Protection Circuits
The protection circuit mao ang key component aron ensure the safe operation sa electrical equipment. Therefore, regular ug comprehensive testing sa protection circuit essential. This test aims aron ensure nga ang protection circuit operates reliably ug in a timely manner, ug can quickly cut off the power supply sa case sa abnormal situations aron prevent equipment damage o personal injury. Kon natukod sa test results nga there are problems sa protection circuit, such as calibration deviation o component damage, immediate calibration mahimong carried out o the damaged components mahimong replaced aron ensure the normal function sa circuit.

3.5 Maintenance and Repair for Over - voltage Problems

Ar Brigham siguro ang safe ug stable operation sa power system, recommended aron install arresters near the circuit breaker. This can effectively prevent damage sa equipment caused by operating over - voltage due sa lightning strikes o other reasons, thereby extending the service life sa equipment ug ensuring its normal operation.

Ar Brigham further improve the operation efficiency ug safety sa power system, advisable aron optimize the operation mode sa circuit breaker. In particular, it should be noted nga when the system voltage fluctuates greatly o the system load changes sharply, the operation sa circuit breaker should be avoided aron prevent equipment failures o safety accidents caused by improper operation.

3.6 Maintenance and Repair for Aging or Damage of Mechanical Components

Comprehensive inspections should be carried out on the mechanical components sa circuit breaker, including but not limited to transmission shafts, connecting rods, bearings, etc. During the inspection, special attention should be paid sa wear degree, cracks, deformation, ug other phenomena sa components. Kon signs sa aging o damage natukod, immediate replacement o repair should be carried out aron prevent the further expansion sa failure.

Para sa key components such as transmission shafts ug connecting rods, regular lubrication treatment should be carried out aron reduce wear ug extend the service life. At the same time, para sa vulnerable parts such as bearings, their operating status should be regularly checked aron ensure smooth rotation ug no abnormal noise o heating. When necessary, new bearings should be replaced aron ensure the normal operation sa mechanical components.

Para sa mechanical components sa circuit breaker, load tests should also be regularly carried out aron simulate operations under actual working conditions aron test their performance ug reliability. Through these tests, potential problems can be promptly detected, ug corresponding maintenance measures can be taken aron ensure the stability ug safety sa circuit breaker under various working conditions.

Para sa all maintenance ug repair work, detailed records should be made, including information such as the model sa replaced component, maintenance time, ug operating personnel. These records have important reference value sa subsequent maintenance work ug fault analysis, helping aron improve maintenance efficiency ug the operational reliability sa circuit breaker.

3.7 Other Maintenance Measures

Ar Brigham siguro ang stable operation sa power system, the operating temperature sa circuit breaker should be regularly checked aron prevent equipment damage caused by overheating. This step crucial aron ensure the normal operation sa equipment ug extending its service life.

Ar Brigham maintain the normal working state sa circuit breaker, regular cleaning sa its casing essential. By removing dust accumulation sa surface ug preventing corrosion ug other problems, the adverse effects sa these factors sa equipment performance can be effectively avoided, ensuring the safety ug reliability sa power system.

With the continuous progress sa technology, timely technical transformation sa circuit breaker mao ang effective means aron improve its performance ug reliability. By analyzing the operating conditions ug historical data sa equipment, necessary technical upgrades can be carried out sa targeted manner aron ensure nga ang circuit breaker mahimo ra meet the requirements sa modern power systems.

4 Conclusion

Sa substation maintenance work sa power system, the maintenance ug troubleshooting sa high - voltage SF₆ circuit breakers mao ang great significance. Through regular inspections ug appropriate maintenance measures, the occurrence sa faults mahimong effectively prevented, ensuring the safe ug stable operation sa power system. Sa this process, technicians should strictly follow the operation procedures, use advanced detection equipment ug technologies, ug continuously improve the quality ug efficiency sa maintenance aron provide a solid guarantee sa reliable operation sa power system.