Amfaniyar Maimaituka a Tattalin Selibar Da Naɗa

Relay na nufin da yake?

Relay ita ce karamin gaji mai tsabta ta cikin magana da zafi don kula da yaɗu ko kare mafi girma da kuma wadanda. Yana da muhimman abubuwa kamar electromagnet, kontakoci, da springs. Idan coil na electromagnet an jirga, zai fara shiga magnetic field wanda zai dace ko koyar armature, don haka za su taimaka don kula da yaɗu ko kare mafi girma.

Kungiyar Relay

Relay suna faɗa ne a bari biyu masu muhimmanci: DC Relays da AC Relays.

• DC Relays:

  • Power Supply: An sauki da DC source.
  • Classification: Daga fannonin current, suna iya kula da Non-polarized Relays, Polarized Relays, da kuma Biased Relays.
  • Principle: Duka suna da electromagnetic relays wanda suke amfani da magnetic field wanda an fara shiga daga coil ta dace armature, wanda zai taimaka don kula da system na kontakoci.

• AC Relays:

  • Power Supply: An sauki da AC source.
  • Classification: Daga fannonin amfani, suna da Electromagnetic Relays da kuma Induction Relays.
    • Electromagnetic Relay: Ya kamata da DC electromagnetic relay, amma core ta yana da shading coil ko shading ring don kare vibration na armature wanda an fara shiga saboda zero-crossing na AC current.
    • Induction Relay: Ya amfani da interaction bayan alternating magnetic field wanda an fara shiga daga coil da eddy currents wanda an fara shiga a wata mutum (kamar vane) don kara electromagnetic force wanda zai taimaka don vane ta dole da kula da relay.

Amfani da Relay a Cikin System na Signaling na Railway

Relay suna amfani da su a cikin system na signaling na railway. Abubuwan da suka fi sani sun haɗa: DC non-polarized relays, polarized relays, polarized holding relays, AC relays, kamar haka.

• DC Non-polarized Relay:

  • Wani DC electromagnetic relay wanda coil ta babu fannonin polarity kuma zai iya sauki da DC power source na fannonin, inda yaɗu a kan jirgin jirgi.

• Polarized Relay:

  • Wani DC polarized relay wanda coil ta da fixed positive da negative polarity, ya buƙata sauki da DC power source na fannonin.
  • Idan forward current ya shiga daga coil, front contact yaɗu da common contact; idan reverse current ya shiga, back contact yaɗu da common contact; idan coil ta jira, relay ba zai yaɗu ba.

• Polarized Holding Relay:

  • Wani abu mai ƙarfi na polarized relay wanda yana da polarity da holding functions.
  • Idan an jirga, yaɗu da kontakocin da suka daidai da fannonin current na coil; idan an jira, kontakoci zai baze da cikinsu har zuwa lokacin da an yi current na fannonin. Wannan "memory" characteristic ya ba su amfani da shi a cikin logic circuits.

• AC Relays:

  • An sauki da AC, kafin samun abubuwan da suka fi sani kamar signal lamp filament transfer relays, FD-type electric coders, JRJC-type two-element two-position relays, da kuma rectifier relays.

• Rectifier Relay:

  • Wani version mai ƙarfi ba da DC non-polarized relay. Ana amfani da rectifier da voltage stabilizer a input, don kawo AC zuwa DC kafin an sauki da relay coil.
  • DJ (Filament Relay) wanda ake amfani a cikin signal lamps yana da shi wannan type na relay.

• Two-element Two-position Relay:

  • Wani induction relay mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da interaction bayan eddy currents wanda an fara shiga a vane daga biyu alternating magnetic fields (yana da track power da local power) don kara electromagnetic force wanda zai taimaka don vane ta dole da kula da relay.
  • GJ (Track Relay) a 25Hz phase-sensitive track circuit shine wannan type na relay.

• Time Relay:

  • Wani relay da time-delay function. Idan an fara shiga input signal ko an jira, output contacts zai yaɗu ko kare mafi girma bayan lokacin da aka rarrabe.
  • Time relays suna amfani da su a cikin turnout starting circuits don kula da time control a lokacin da turnout conversion.

Dalilai na Amfani da Relay a Cikin System na Signaling na Railway

• High Reliability:A matsayin component mai tsabta, relay suna da structure mai ƙarfi, performance mai ƙarfi, kuma zai iya yi aiki da ƙarfin tsabta a lokutan railway mai karfi (kamar farkon hawa, vibration, moisture, da dust). Wannan yana da muhimmanci don kula da safe operation na abubuwan da suka fi sani kamar signals, turnouts, da track circuits.
• High Safety:"Fail-Safe" design principle na relay yana da muhimmanci a cikin amfani a cikin signaling na railway. Idan relay yana jawo (kamar coil break, power loss), kontakoci zai ya kare mafi girma saboda gravity ko spring force, wanda zai kula da signaling system ta dole da safe state (kamar signal showing red), don haka zai kare risar da accidents.
• High Precision and Determinism:Relay suna da response times mai ƙarfi da predictable, wanda zai kula da precise switching control. A interlocking logic mai ƙarfi, operations na relay suna da determinism mai ƙarfi, wanda zai kula da accuracy na signal control.
• Flexibility and Scalability:Circuit na relay logic (relay interlocking) zai iya kula da complex control logic daga wiring methods da dama. System ta yana da ƙarfin design, modify, da kuma expand according to station layout da operational requirements.
• Good Electrical Isolation:Control circuit (coil side) da controlled circuit (contact side) na relay suna da electrical isolation mai ƙarfi, wanda zai kula da immunity na interference da safety na system.