Dukar Gida: Tashar Yakayi da Grata na Dukar Gida

Me kadan Daɗi?

Daɗi yana da muhimmanci a cikin tarihin kimya wanda ake amfani da oxygen da mutanen kayayyakin jiki. A cikin wannan amfani, akwai adadin daidai na rawa da zaka zama da kayayyaki. Lafiya da za suka faruwa suna da oxygen, hydrogen, carbon da sulfur.

Akawar kayayyaki a cikin jiki (coal) suna da iron, silicon da sauransu. Suna da tsari mai kici kuma ana son shiga daga kayayyaki. Wannan abubuwan da ba su kayayya ba suna faruwa a cikin daɗi da ke faruwa a cikin jiki da ke faruwa a cikin ash pit na steam boiler furnace, a kan daɗi. Daɗin kayayyaki muka iya faɗa a gaba-gaban uku.

1. Amfani da rawa don kara hawa kayayyakinsa zuwa birnin daɗi.

2. Karamin daɗin gas masu kayayya.

3. Daɗin carbon masu kayayya.

A lokacin da ake sanya jiki a cikin steam boiler furnace a fannonin kungiyar, an kara hawa jiki zuwa birnin daɗi, kuma gas masu kayayya masu jiki suna fito da jiki a fannonin gas. Gas masu gas masu kayayya suna haɗa da oxygen da ake sanya tun daga bed na fuel (coal) na steam boiler furnace.

Ba da gas masu kayayya suna fito da jiki, solid carbon ya haɗa da oxygen da ake sanya don kara carbon monoxide da carbon dioxide. Abubuwan da ba su kayayya ba suna faruwa a cikin grate kuma suna faruwa a cikin ash pit na steam boiler furnace a kan daɗi. Don daɗin kayayyaki, ya kamata a sanya air daɗi a cikin furnace.

Yanzu ya kamata a sanya kusan 12 pound na air don kara daɗin kayayyaki ɗaya na jiki. Amma a cikin yawan kasuwanci, an yi a sanya kusa miliyan ne ko kuma kusa miliyan da ake sanya a cikin furnace ta forced draft saboda ba za a iya samun alamar daɗi a cikin yawan kasuwanci. Yana da matsalolin a sanya air zuwa duk baki ɗaya na steam boiler furnace daidai.

Duk da haka, ba za a iya sanya air miliyan miliyan a cikin furnace. Idan ake sanya air a fannonin miliyan miliyan, zai iya iya aika a bayar gas masu kayayya bayan da daɗin kayayyaki ya faru. Saboda haka, ya kamata a sanya air a cikin furnace a fannonin miliyan amma a kontrola.

Gargajiya da yanayin steam boiler furnace shine maimaita daɗin kayayyaki da kuma aika mai daɗi. Daɗin kayayyaki mai daɗi shine da muhimmanci saboda dalilai biyu,

1. Aika mai daɗi shine babban sababbin aika mai daɗi.

2. Aika mai daɗi shine alamar daɗin kayayyaki mai daɗi. Gas masu kayayya masu aika mai daɗi suna fito a fannonin aika mai daɗi.

Prinsipin daɗin kayayyaki mai daɗi shine mafi so kuje amma ba za a iya samun wannan a cikin steam boiler furnace. Inta ake sanya jiki a cikin boiler furnace, kara hawa zuwa birnin daɗi, da kuma sanya air daɗi don daɗin kayayyaki ba za su iya samun daɗin kayayyaki mai daɗi. Akwai wata abu da ya kamata a duba a lokacin da ake gargaɓe furnace.

Yana da muhimmanci a haɗa da air da gas masu kayayya da kuma a kara hawa zuwa tsari mai daɗi a cikin daɗin kayayyaki. Idan ake sanya jiki mai bituminous a cikin bed na fuel (coal) na boiler furnace, gas masu kayayya suna fito da jiki, kuma yawan da ba su kayayya ba suna fito da jiki da kuma suka faruwa a cikin chimney idan ba a haɗa da air da gas masu kayayya ba.

Akawar tarihin da ake yi a cikin steam boiler furnace don haɗa da air da gas masu kayayya. Wanda ake fi sani a cikin tarihin boiler furnace shine a haɗa da fire brick lined combustion chamber da tsari mai daɗi da suitable baffles don haɗa da gas da air, da kuma a sanya air da kayayya a cikin combustion don kara gas masu kayayya bayan da su faruwa a cikin heating surface na boiler.

Gargajiya na Boiler Furnace

Don daɗin kayayyaki mai daɗi, boiler furnace yana da muhimman abubuwan a cikin gargajiyarsa, kamar

1. Grate don taimakawa kayayyaki (coal).

2. Combustion chamber – inda daɗin kayayyaki ya faru Means of supplying fresh air.

3. Ash pit don taimakawa refuses daga kayayyaki a lokacin daɗin kayayyaki.

Grate na Boiler Furnace

An yi grate a cikin steam boiler furnace don taimakawa kayayyaki (coal). Grate yana da tsarin yana da ita a haɗa da air zuwa kayayyaki don daɗin kayayyaki.

Futan grate ba za su iya zama mafi girma idan ake iya aika kayayyaki da ba su kayayya ba, kuma ba za su iya zama mafi ci gaba saboda za su iya haɗa da air da kayayyaki.

Firebox da Combustion Chamber na Furnace

Firebox na boiler furnace shine inda a kan grate, kuma combustion chamber shine loko na inda daɗin gas masu kayayya ya faru. Rawa da za su faruwa a cikin daɗin kayayyaki an yi amfani a cikin steam boiler surface a kan combustion chamber. An yi fire bricks wall da baffles a cikin combustion chamber don haɗa da air da gas masu kayayya.

Ash Pit

Ash pit na steam boiler furnace shine chamber da ake yi a kan grate don taimakawa refuses (ash) daga fire. Ash pit tana da muhimmin aikin air zuwa grate. Ya kamata a kunshi hawa da kusa da grate don taimakawa air da kayayyaki. A cikin yawan kasuwanci, an yi a slope floor na ash pit zuwa gabashin front, don taimakawa removal of ashes.

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